Roles for PI3K/AKT/PTEN Pathway in Cell Signaling of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
TLDR
Molecular studies in the NAFLD support a key role for PTEN in hepatic insulin sensitivity and the development of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis, and review recent studies on the features of the PTEN and the PI3K/AKT pathway.Abstract:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver pathologies and is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which represents a range of fatty liver diseases associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms underlying how to make transition from simple fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are not well understood. However, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in hepatocytes is a common molecular event associated with metabolic dysfunctions including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the NAFLD. A tumor suppressor PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT pathways through its lipid phosphatase activity. Molecular studies in the NAFLD support a key role for PTEN in hepatic insulin sensitivity and the development of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. We review recent studies on the features of the PTEN and the PI3K/AKT pathway and discuss the protein functions in the signaling pathways involved in the NAFLD. The molecular mechanisms contributing to the diseases are the subject of considerable investigation, as a better understanding of the pathogenesis will lead to novel therapies for a condition.read more
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References
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PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling as a Molecular Target in Leukemia Angiogenesis
Naoko Okumura,Hitomi Yoshida,Yasuko Kitagishi,Mutsumi Murakami,Yuri Nishimura,Satoru Matsuda +5 more
TL;DR: This paper focuses on the roles and mechanisms of PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway in regulating angiogenesis and its role in malignant cell growth.
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NAFLD in the absence of metabolic syndrome: different epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, risk factors for disease progression?
TL;DR: The evidence supporting the proposal that NAFLD is not invariably associated with the presence of MetS is summarized, and mechanisms other than insulin resistance may contribute to the chronic inflammatory processes that underpin the development of liver fat accumulation and the subsequent architectural distortion of the liver.
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PTEN in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Cancer
TL;DR: An overview of the current knowledge on pathological dysregulations of PTEN expression/activity in the liver with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and the role of this enzyme in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is provided.
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ROS acts as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: is Nrf2 a potential target for the treatment?
TL;DR: Assumulating evidences indicate that Nrf2 may be a critical element in taking survival and death decisions when cells are exposed to an oxidant environment and may become a promising target for the treatment of T2DM.
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Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic SREBP-1c activation and lipid accumulation in mice.
Xi Chen,Cheng Zhang,Mei Zhao,Chang-E. Shi,Ren-Min Zhu,Hua Wang,Hui Zhao,Wei Wei,Jia-Bin Li,De-Xiang Xu +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of melatonin on LPS-induced hepatic lipid accumulation were investigated and it was shown that a single dose of LPS significantly increased hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents and caused liver lipid accumulation in mice.