Journal ArticleDOI
Semantic power measured through the interference of words with color-naming.
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TLDR
The sources of the word's power to interfere with color-naming and the events involved in the interference itself have not received much attention.Abstract:
Show the words 'red,' 'green,' 'yellow,' and 'blue,' printed in colored inks but in incongruent combinations of color and word, e.g. the word 'red' printed in the color yellow, the word 'yellow' in the color blue, and so on. The Ss are to name the colors (of the inks) as quickly as possible, ignoring the words. It is not easy to do. Invariably, the colors are harder to name than when they are shown in simple strips uncomplicated by words. The phenomenon was noticed by Jaensch, and was first reported in this country by Stroop.1 To say that the word interferes with the naming of the color is a fair reflection of the S's experience. Volume of voice goes up; reading falters; now and then the words break through abortively; and there are embarrassed giggles. These and other signs of strain and effort are common. The sources of the word's power to interfere with color-naming and the events involved in the interference itself have not received much attention,read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
An integrated utility-based model of conflict evaluation and resolution in the Stroop task.
Adam Chuderski,Tomasz Smolen +1 more
TL;DR: After reviewing the existing computational models of cognitive control in the Stroop task, its novel, integrated utility-based model is proposed, which covered the basic congruency effects, performance dynamics and adaptation, as well as the effects resulting from manipulations applied to stimulation and responding, which are yielded by the extant Stroop literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of emotion on memory: an investigation of attentional bias.
TL;DR: A free recall memory task was used to clarify the effects of attentional biases on the processing of emotionally threatening material and found that participants, regardless of their spider fear classification, recalled the word "spider" at a much higher rate, and remembered the word following it at aMuch lower rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distractor frequency effects in picture–word interference tasks with vocal and manual responses
TL;DR: This paper found that distractors with a low frequency of occurrence interfere more with picture naming than distractor with high frequency, suggesting that the effect arises at a shared, abstract processing level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Semantic component of a cross-modal Stroop-like task.
David M. Stuart,Marisa Carrasco +1 more
TL;DR: Three experiments showed that the pattern of interference of single-modality Stroop tests also exists cross-modally, and support the existence of a semantic component of aCross-modal Stroop-like effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Stroop congruency effect is more observable under a speed strategy than an accuracy strategy.
Jenn Yeu Chen,Marcia K. Johnson +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that researchers who wish to observe and study the Stroop congruency and interference effects should place special emphasis on speed.