Journal ArticleDOI
Short-term feeding at the wrong time is sufficient to desynchronize peripheral clocks and induce obesity with hyperphagia, physical inactivity and metabolic disorders in mice.
Yuki Yasumoto,Yuki Yasumoto,Chiaki Hashimoto,Chiaki Hashimoto,Reiko Nakao,Haruka Yamazaki,Haruka Yamazaki,Hanako Hiroyama,Tadashi Nemoto,Saori Yamamoto,Mutsumi Sakurai,Hideaki Oike,Hideaki Oike,Naoyuki Wada,Chikako Yoshida-Noro,Katsutaka Oishi,Katsutaka Oishi,Katsutaka Oishi +17 more
TLDR
Feeding at an unusual time of day (inactive phase) desynchronizes peripheral clocks and causes obesity and metabolic disorders by inducing leptin resistance, hyperphagia, physical inactivity, hepatic fat accumulation and adiposity.Abstract:
Background The circadian clock regulates various physiological and behavioral rhythms such as feeding and locomotor activity. Feeding at unusual times of the day (inactive phase) is thought to be associated with obesity and metabolic disorders in experimental animals and in humans. Objective The present study aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms through which time-of-day-dependent feeding influences metabolic homeostasis. Methods We compared food consumption, wheel-running activity, core body temperature, hormonal and metabolic variables in blood, lipid accumulation in the liver, circadian expression of clock and metabolic genes in peripheral tissues, and body weight gain between mice fed only during the sleep phase (DF, daytime feeding) and those fed only during the active phase (NF, nighttime feeding). All mice were fed with the same high-fat high-sucrose diet throughout the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the metabolic effects of time-imposed restricted feeding (RF) in mice with free access to a running wheel. Results After one week of RF, DF mice gained more weight and developed hyperphagia, higher feed efficiency and more adiposity than NF mice. The daily amount of running on the wheel was rapidly and obviously reduced by DF, which might have been the result of time-of-day-dependent hypothermia. The amount of daily food consumption and hypothalamic mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein were significantly higher in DF, than in NF mice, although levels of plasma leptin that fluctuate in an RF-dependent circadian manner, were significantly higher in DF mice. These findings suggested that the DF induced leptin resistance. The circadian phases of plasma insulin and ghrelin were synchronized to RF, although the corticosterone phase was unaffected. Peak levels of plasma insulin were remarkably higher in DF mice, although HOMA-IR was identical between the two groups. Significantly more free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol accumulated in the livers of DF, than NF mice, which resulted from the increased expression of lipogenic genes such as Scd1, Acaca, and Fasn. Temporal expression of circadian clock genes became synchronized to RF in the liver but not in skeletal muscle, suggesting that uncoupling metabolic rhythms between the liver and skeletal muscle also contribute to DF-induced adiposity. Conclusion Feeding at an unusual time of day (inactive phase) desynchronizes peripheral clocks and causes obesity and metabolic disorders by inducing leptin resistance, hyperphagia, physical inactivity, hepatic fat accumulation and adiposity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challenge.
Rocco Barazzoni,Stephan C. Bischoff,Yves Boirie,Luca Busetto,Tommy Cederholm,Dror Dicker,Hermann Toplak,André Van Gossum,Volkan Yumuk,Roberto Vettor +9 more
TL;DR: ESPEN and EASO recognize and indicate obesity with altered body composition due to low skeletal muscle function and mass (sarcopenic obesity) as a scientific and clinical priority for researchers and clinicians and call for coordinated action aimed at reaching consensus on its definition, diagnostic criteria and optimal treatment with particular regard to nutritional therapy.
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Disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms: novel risk factors for obesity.
TL;DR: Recent developments linking disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms to an increased risk for obesity are summarized, and novel research on potential countermeasures are reviewed to suggest novel countermeasures may be effective strategies in the prevention of obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels.
TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that shows that while both chronic stress and exercise elevate basal CORT levels leading to increased secretion of CORT, the former is detrimental to cognition/memory, mood/stress coping, and brain plasticity, while the latter is beneficial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time‐restricted feeding for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders
TL;DR: It was discovered that imposing a time‐restricted feeding (TRF) regimen in which all caloric intakes occur consistently within ≤ 12 h every day exerts many cardiometabolic benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sarcopenic Obesity: Time to Meet the Challenge.
Rocco Barazzoni,Stephan C. Bischoff,Yves Boirie,Luca Busetto,Tommy Cederholm,Dror Dicker,Hermann Toplak,André Van Gossum,Volkan Yumuk,Roberto Vettor +9 more
TL;DR: ESPEN and EASO recognize and indicate obesity with altered body composition due to low skeletal muscle function and mass (sarcopenic obesity) as a scientific and clinical priority for researchers and clinicians and call for coordinated action aimed at reaching consensus on its definition, diagnostic criteria, and optimal treatment with particular regard to nutritional therapy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-fat diet disrupts behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in mice.
Akira Kohsaka,Aaron D. Laposky,Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey,Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey,Carmela Estrada,Corinne E. Joshu,Yumiko Kobayashi,Fred W. Turek,Joseph Bass +8 more
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