Journal ArticleDOI
Silicon decreases the arsenic level in rice grain by limiting arsenite transport
TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined the effect of silicon application to three rice paddy soils on the dynamics of Si, iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and As in the soil solution, As accumulation in rice straw, flag leaf, husk, brown rice, and polished rice.Abstract:
Silicon (Si) reduces arsenic (As) levels in rice shoot and grain. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of Si application to three rice paddy soils on the dynamics of Si, iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and As in the soil solution, As accumulation in rice straw, flag leaf, husk, brown rice, and polished rice, and on As speciation in polished rice. Silicon application to soil increased the concentrations of Si, Fe, As, and P in the soil solution, while the redox potential was unaffected. Arsenic concentrations of straw, flag leaf, and husk were reduced by half by Si application, while As concentrations of brown and polished rice were decreased by 22%. The main As species in polished rice was arsenite, As(III), with a fraction of 70%, followed by dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenate, As(V), with 24% and 6%, respectively. Silicon application to the soil did not affect DMA or As(V) concentration of polished rice, while the As(III) concentration was reduced by 33%. These results confirm that Si reduces As(III) uptake and translocation into the shoot. Furthermore, data indicate that decrease of As concentration of polished rice is due to decreased As(III) transport into grain. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: A review
Muhammad Adrees,Shafaqat Ali,Muhammad Rizwan,Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,Muhammad Ibrahim,Farhat Abbas,Mujahid Farid,Muhammad Farooq Qayyum,Muhammad Irshad +8 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms through which Si can alleviate heavy metal toxicity in plants are reviewed and the key mechanisms evoked include reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media, reduced metal uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, chelation and stimulation of antioxidant systems in plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silicon, the silver bullet for mitigating biotic and abiotic stress, and improving grain quality, in rice?
Caroline Meharg,Andrew A. Meharg +1 more
TL;DR: A review on silicon dynamics in rice considers recent advances in the understanding of the role of silicon in rice, and the challenges of maintaining adequate silicon fertility within rice paddy systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal(loid)s (As, Hg, Se, Pb and Cd) in paddy soil: Bioavailability and potential risk to human health.
Rubina Khanam,Anjani Kumar,Amaresh Kumar Nayak,Shahid,Rahul Tripathi,Subramaniyan Vijayakumar,Debarati Bhaduri,Upendra Kumar,Sangita Mohanty,Periyasamy Panneerselvam,Dibyendu Chatterjee,B.S. Satapathy,H Pathak +12 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes mobilization, translocation and speciation mechanism of these metal(loids) in soil-plant continuum as well as available cost-effective remediation measures and future research needs to eliminate the long-term risk to human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arsenic uptake, accumulation and toxicity in rice plants: Possible remedies for its detoxification: A review.
Hafiz Faiq Bakhat,Zahida Zia,Shah Fahad,Sunaina Abbas,Hafiz Mohkum Hammad,Ahmad Naeem Shahzad,Farhat Abbas,Hesham F. Alharby,Muhammad Shahid +8 more
TL;DR: Judicious use of water, management of soil, antagonistic effects of various inorganic plant-nutrients to As should be considered in rice cultivated areas to mitigate the building up of As in human food chain and with minimum negative impact to the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The availabilities of arsenic and cadmium in rice paddy fields from a mining area: The role of soil extractable and plant silicon.
Huan-Yun Yu,Xiaodong Ding,Fangbai Li,Xiangqin Wang,Shirong Zhang,Jicai Yi,Chuanping Liu,Xianghua Xu,Qi Wang +8 more
TL;DR: Overall, Si exhibited its unique role in mitigating As or Cd stress in rice, and the study results provide strong field evidence for this role.
References
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Book
Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R, Second Edition
TL;DR: In this article, a simple linear model is proposed to describe the geometry of linear models, and a general linear model specification in R is presented. But the theory of linear model theory is not discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The anomaly of silicon in plant biology.
TL;DR: Ample evidence is presented that silicon, when readily available to plants, plays a large role in their growth, mineral nutrition, mechanical strength, and resistance to fungal diseases, herbivory, and adverse chemical conditions of the medium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants
Jian Feng Ma,Naoki Yamaji +1 more
TL;DR: Genetically manipulating the Si uptake capacity of the root might help plants to accumulate more Si and, hence, improve their ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses.
Journal ArticleDOI
A silicon transporter in rice
Jian Feng Ma,Kazunori Tamai,Naoki Yamaji,Namiki Mitani,Saeko Konishi,Maki Katsuhara,Masaji Ishiguro,Yoshiko Murata,Masahiro Yano +8 more
TL;DR: The identification of a silicon transporter provides both an insight into the silicon uptake system in plants, and a new strategy for producing crops with high resistance to multiple stresses by genetic modification of the root's silicon uptake capacity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain
Jian Feng Ma,Naoki Yamaji,Namiki Mitani,Xiao-Yan Xu,Yu-Hong Su,Steve P. McGrath,Fang-Jie Zhao +6 more
TL;DR: It is reported that two different types of transporters mediate transport of arsenite, the predominant form of arsenic in paddy soil, from the external medium to the xylem, which explains why rice is efficient in arsenic accumulation.