Showing papers in "Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2015"

TL;DR: An attempt has been made in this paper to review As contamination, its effect on human health and various conventional and advance technologies which are being used for the removal of As from soil and water.

TL;DR: The mechanisms through which Si can alleviate heavy metal toxicity in plants are reviewed and the key mechanisms evoked include reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media, reduced metal uptake and root-to-shoot translocation, chelation and stimulation of antioxidant systems in plants.

TL;DR: The spatial distribution maps of heavy metals revealed that steel industrial district was the contamination hotspots, indicating significant contamination introduced by steel industry on soils.

TL;DR: This review summarizes several areas of heavy metal remediation from a microalgal perspective and provides an overview of various practical avenues of this technology.

TL;DR: Results on phytotoxicity imply that tested DESs are non-toxic with seed germination EC50 values higher than 5000 mg L(-1) and classified as'readily biodegradable' based on their high levels of mineralization.

TL;DR: It was found that BPF degrades faster than BPA in the environment, and the need for further studies to determine the fate and toxicity of this compound is suggested.

TL;DR: Several studies have demonstrated that REE, like a number of other xenobiotics, follow hormetic concentration-related trends, implying stimulatory or protective effects at low levels, then adverse effects at higher concentrations, and another major role for REE-associated effects should be focused on pH-dependent REE speciation and hence toxicity.

TL;DR: Adopting the integrated methods, alongside a combination of biological and physicochemical treatment methods, can be environmentally and economically preferable to minimize environmental contaminants and energy recycling.

TL;DR: The health risk assessment model that was employed to calculate human exposure indicated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected metals in street dusts were generally in the low range, except for the carcinogenic risk from Cr for children.

TL;DR: The results indicated that approximately 60 years of Pb/Zn smelting has led to significant contamination of the local soil by Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Sb, and Hg, which exhibited maximum concentrations of 8078, 2485, 75.3, and 2.58mgkg(-1), dry wet, respectively.

TL;DR: The detailed cytotoxicity assay showed a substantial reduction in the viability dependent on dose and exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles, and FT-IR analyses suggested surface chemical interaction between nanoparticles and algal cells.

TL;DR: The results supported the hypothesis that supplemental Se influences nutrients uptake and wheat yield through maintenance of turgor and gas exchange characteristics and enhancement in antioxidant system activity.

TL;DR: Results suggest that cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of the green synthesized AgNPs were significantly less than wet-chemistry synthesized ones and confirmed that green AgNps are safer than chemically-synthesized AgnPs.

TL;DR: This study adds knowledge on the toxicity of seaweed borne insecticides and green-synthesized AgNP against arthropods of medical and agricultural importance, allowing us to propose the tested products as effective candidates to develop newer and cheap pest control tools.

TL;DR: Among the fish species, Catla catla and Etroplus suratensis showed the highest accumulation of metals suggesting risk for human consumption, and Zn associated with exchangeable and carbonate fractions had significant positive correlation with the respective metal concentrations in fish.

TL;DR: From the results, daily intakes of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Mn in these food animals were low compared to the provisional tolerable daily intake guidelines, and indicated that contributions of chicken gizzard and liver to toxic metal exposure in adults and especially children could be significant.

TL;DR: Results showed that the herbicides metolachlor, prometryn, alachlor and molinate, were the most frequently detected pesticides and exhibited the highest concentration values, often exceeding 1 μg/L.

TL;DR: Exposure to CuONPs resulted in suppression of shoot-growth, reduction in total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents as well modification of root system architecture such as shortening of primary and lateral roots.

TL;DR: The results showed the suitability of chlorophyll fluorescence as a parameter and appropriateness of LIBS technique and anatomical procedures to elucidate Si-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity, and suggest that the measured parameters and techniques can be used non-invasively for monitoring the growth of crops under different environmental conditions.

TL;DR: The focal point of this mini-review will be on the preparation and characterization of some carboxylate chitosan derivatives as a sorbent for heavy metal sorption.

TL;DR: In this study, the characteristics of Cd transfer from soil to eight wheat varieties were investigated, and the results showed that Xiaoyan 22 was moderately sensitive to Cd.

TL;DR: The pseudo-second order and pseudo-first order kinetic models best described the biosorption kinetics of Cd( 2+) and Zn(2+) adsorptions, respectively, suggesting that the Cd-2+) andZn-2+ adsorption took place mainly by chemisorption (Cd(2+)) and physisor adaptation (Zn(1+)).

TL;DR: Although the health risk levels from exposure to soil metals were acceptable for adults, the non-carcinogenic risks to local children exceeded the acceptable level and the risks associated with heavy metal pollution from plastic waste recycling should be of great concern.

TL;DR: Positive correlation coefficients of Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations in wastewater with the retention time revealed that there was an increase in the heavy metal removal rate with retention time.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the effect of urban heat island in Kalaburagi city is mainly located in the sub-urban areas or Rurban area especially in the South-Eastern and North-Western part of the city, which indicates the negative correlation between LST and NDVI.

TL;DR: Health risk assessment was evaluated in terms of target hazard quotient and target carcinogenic risk (TR) which showed that the intake of some metals through foods were higher than the recommended values, consequently consumption of the foods may be associated with non-carcinogenic health risks.

TL;DR: A survey for multi-class pharmaceuticals in DWSs of five major river watersheds in China was conducted from 2012 to 2013, and the most frequently detected ones included sulfonamides, macrolides, antiepileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and β-blockers.

TL;DR: Investigating the Cr accumulation in various plant tissues and its relation to the antioxidation activity and root exudation revealed that the Cr application at 1mM increased the shoot fresh and dry weight and root dry weight of Solanum nigrum, whereas the opposite was observed for Parthenium hysterophorus when compared with lower levels of Cr.

TL;DR: Under Cd stress, presoaking wheat seeds in either polyamine increased the seedling growth and the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the control, but other attributes were slightly affected.

TL;DR: Comparative studies with other coastal regions indicate considerable enrichment of DTMs & TTMs in sediments as well as in various organs of fish samples, which indicates that metals are absorbed onto the different organs, which is endorsed by the calculated values of bioaccumulation factor (BAFs) in fishes.