Journal ArticleDOI
Soft biological materials and their impact on cell function
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TLDR
Biocompatible synthetic materials already have many applications, but combining chemical compatibility with physiologically appropriate mechanical properties will increase their potential for use both as implants and as substrates for tissue engineering.Abstract:
Most organs and biological tissues are soft viscoelastic materials with elastic moduli ranging from on the order of 100 Pa for the brain to 100 000 Pa for soft cartilage. Biocompatible synthetic materials already have many applications, but combining chemical compatibility with physiologically appropriate mechanical properties will increase their potential for use both as implants and as substrates for tissue engineering. Understanding and controlling mechanical properties, specifically softness, is important for appropriate physiological function in numerous contexts. The mechanical properties of the substrate on which, or within which, cells are placed can have as large an impact as chemical stimuli on cell morphology, differentiation, motility, and commitment to live or die.read more
Citations
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Introducing chemical functionality in Fmoc-peptide gels for cell culture.
Vineetha Jayawarna,Stephen M. Richardson,Andrew R. Hirst,Nigel Hodson,Alberto Saiani,Julie E. Gough,Rein V. Ulijn +6 more
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that introduction of chemical functionality into Fmoc-peptide scaffolds may provide gels with tunable chemical and mechanical properties for in vitro cell culture.
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Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable gelatin and silk fibroin interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels.
Wenqian Xiao,Jiankang He,Jiankang He,Jiankang He,Jason W. Nichol,Jason W. Nichol,Lianyong Wang,Lianyong Wang,Lianyong Wang,Che B. Hutson,Che B. Hutson,Ben Wang,Ben Wang,Yanan Du,Yanan Du,Hongsong Fan,Ali Khademhosseini,Ali Khademhosseini +17 more
TL;DR: A newly synthesized photocrosslinkable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and silk fibroin formed by sequential polymerization is described, which possesses tunable structural and biological properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crossing kingdoms: Using decellularized plants as perfusable tissue engineering scaffolds.
Joshua R. Gershlak,Sarah Hernandez,Gianluca Fontana,Luke R. Perreault,Katrina J. Hansen,Sara A. Larson,Bernard Y. K. Binder,David Dolivo,Tianhong Yang,Tanja Dominko,Tanja Dominko,Marsha W. Rolle,Pamela J. Weathers,Fabricio Medina-Bolivar,Carole L. Cramer,William L. Murphy,Glenn R. Gaudette +16 more
TL;DR: The potential of decellularized plants as scaffolds for tissue engineering, which could ultimately provide a cost-efficient, "green" technology for regenerating large volume vascularized tissue mass, is demonstrated.
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Injectable hydrogel materials for spinal cord regeneration: a review.
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TL;DR: There are helpful lessons to be learned from the investigations of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of SCI that apply to the use of these biomaterials for the Treatment of lesions in other central nervous system tissues and in organs comprising other tissue types.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate
TL;DR: An understanding of how tissue cells—including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types—sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype.
Matthew J. Paszek,Nastaran Zahir,Kandice R. Johnson,Johnathon N. Lakins,Gabriela I. Rozenberg,Amit Gefen,Cynthia A. Reinhart-King,Susan S. Margulies,Micah Dembo,David Boettiger,Daniel A. Hammer,Valerie M. Weaver +11 more
TL;DR: It is found that tumors are rigid because they have a stiff stroma and elevated Rho-dependent cytoskeletal tension that drives focal adhesions, disrupts adherens junctions, perturbs tissue polarity, enhances growth, and hinders lumen formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell locomotion and focal adhesions are regulated by substrate flexibility
Robert J. Pelham,Yu-li Wang +1 more
TL;DR: The ability of cells to survey the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment is demonstrated and the possible involvement of both protein tyrosine phosphorylation and myosin-generated cortical forces in this process is suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of substrate stiffness on cell morphology, cytoskeletal structure, and adhesion
Tony Yeung,Penelope C. Georges,Lisa A. Flanagan,Beatrice Marg,Miguelina Ortiz,Makoto Funaki,Nastaran Zahir,Wenyu Ming,Valerie M. Weaver,Paul A. Janmey,Paul A. Janmey +10 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that mechanical factors impact different cell types in fundamentally different ways, and can trigger specific changes similar to those stimulated by soluble ligands, is supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Local force and geometry sensing regulate cell functions.
Viola Vogel,Michael P. Sheetz +1 more
TL;DR: Tissue scaffolds that have been engineered at the micro- and nanoscale level now enable better dissection of the mechanosensing, transduction and response mechanisms of eukaryotic cells.
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