Journal ArticleDOI
Stability, Precision, and Near-24-Hour Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker
Charles A. Czeisler,Jeanne F. Duffy,Theresa L. Shanahan,Emery N. Brown,Jude F. Mitchell,D. W. Rimmer,Joseph M. Ronda,Edward J. Silva,James S. Allan,Jonathan S. Emens,Derk-Jan Dijk,Richard E. Kronauer +11 more
TLDR
In this article, the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species, with important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.Abstract:
Regulation of circadian period in humans was thought to differ from that of other species, with the period of the activity rhythm reported to range from 13 to 65 hours (median 25.2 hours) and the period of the body temperature rhythm reported to average 25 hours in adulthood, and to shorten with age. However, those observations were based on studies of humans exposed to light levels sufficient to confound circadian period estimation. Precise estimation of the periods of the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living in carefully controlled lighting conditions has now revealed that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.read more
Citations
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The Cumulative Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation
TL;DR: It appears that even relatively moderate sleep restriction can seriously impair waking neurobehavioral functions in healthy adults, and sleep debt is perhaps best understood as resulting in additional wakefulness that has a neurobiological "cost" which accumulates over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes.
TL;DR: It is predicted that the timing of sleep has changed during industrialization and that a majority of humans are sleep deprived during the workweek, and the implications are far ranging concerning learning, memory, vigilance, performance, and quality of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate the adverse cardiometabolic implications of circadian misalignment, as occurs acutely with jet lag and chronically with shift work, on metabolic, autonomic, and endocrine predictors of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research
Kenneth W. Witwer,Edit I. Buzás,Lynne T. Bemis,Adriana Bora,Cecilia Lässer,Jan Lötvall,Esther Nolte-‘t Hoen,Melissa G. Piper,Sarada Sivaraman,Johan Skog,Clotilde Théry,Marca H. M. Wauben,Fred H. Hochberg +12 more
TL;DR: The need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results is emphasized, and it is recognized that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed.
Journal ArticleDOI
What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing
Catalin V. Buhusi,Warren H. Meck +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and tells the time by detecting the coincidental activation of different neural populations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster
Ronald J. Konopka,Seymour Benzer +1 more
TL;DR: Three mutants have been isolated in which the normal 24-hour rhythm is drastically changed and all these mutations appear to involve the same functional gene on the X chromosome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism
Nicholas Gekakis,David Staknis,David Staknis,David Staknis,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,David P. King,David P. King,David P. King,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz +21 more
TL;DR: CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutagenesis and Mapping of a Mouse Gene, Clock, Essential for Circadian Behavior
Martha Hotz Vitaterna,David P. King,Anne Marie Chang,Jon M. Kornhauser,Phillip L. Lowrey,J. David McDonald,J. David McDonald,William F. Dove,Lawrence H. Pinto,Fred W. Turek,Joseph S. Takahashi +10 more
TL;DR: The power of ENU mutagenesis combined with the ability to clone murine genes by map position provides a generally applicable approach to study complex behavior in mammals.
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Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene.
David P. King,Yaliang Zhao,Ashvin M. Sangoram,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Minoru Tanaka,Marina P. Antoch,Thomas D.L. Steeves,Martha Hotz Vitaterna,Jon M. Kornhauser,Jon M. Kornhauser,Phillip L. Lowrey,Fred W. Turek,Joseph S. Takahashi +12 more
TL;DR: CLOCK represents the second example of a PAS domain-containing clock protein (besides Drosophila PERIOD), which suggests that this motif may define an evolutionarily conserved feature of the circadian clock mechanism.
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Sleep and wakefulness
TL;DR: For half a century, "Sleep and Wakefulness" has been a valuable reference work as discussed by the authors It discusses phases of the sleep cycle, experimental work on sleep and wakefulness, sleep disorders and their treatment, and such sleep-like states as hypnosis and hibernation.
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