Statistical latency analysis of carbon nanotube interconnects due to contact resistance variations
01 Dec 2008-pp 296-299
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of process variation in contact resistance on the interconnect delay by using Monte-Carlo method was analyzed for single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and bundled CNTs.
Abstract: Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and bundled CNTs have emerged as promising candidates for future VLSI interconnects material due to their excellent inherent electrical and thermal properties. The work in this paper attempts to statistically analyse the effect of process variation in contact resistance on the interconnect delay by using Monte-Carlo method. The work in this paper attempts to statistically analyse the effect of process variation in contact resistance on the latency of CNT interconnect using Monte-Carlo method. This paper makes an effort to evaluate the suitability of SWCNTs and bundled CNTs as futuristic VlSI interconnects in par with ITRS predictions with its inherent process variations in the contact resistance value. It is found that bundled CNTs can offer better performance than prediction and the performance of SWCNTs are getting highly limited by contact resistance variations.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the performance of single-walled carbon nanotube bundle as IC interconnect material under process constraints and compared the suitability of SWCNT interconnects as per ITRS predictions and analyzed variance of each parasitic effect along with the variations in process parameters.
Abstract: This work has investigated the performance of Single-walled carbon nanotube bundle as futuristic interconnect material under process constraints and compared its suitability as IC interconnect material as per ITRS predictions. It also analyzes variance of each parasitic effect along with the variations in process parameters. This paper pinpoints the variables causing bottlenecks in realizing optimum performance and improving reliability. It also evaluates the effect of diameter variations of CNTs in an SWCNT bundle and metallic tube ratio on the performance and reliability for 22nm technological node. The results demonstrate that the relative variations in the resistance are critically effected by the variations in metallic tube ratios rather than diameter variations. The diameter variation introduces its critical effect only at global level.
3 citations
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01 Sep 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors modeled the CNF interconnects' heating under a voltage sweep between two electrodes and found that the resulting reaction is the vaporization of the carbon atoms.
Abstract: : As devices shrink, the current density through interconnects increases proportionally making new materials a necessity for industry growth. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube's (CNT) potential for high current density make them a possible replacement for metal contacts. Learning the limitations of CNFs and CNTs is important if they are to be used in next-generation electronics. As current density increases, heat is generated throughout the CNF structure. This heating eventually leads to breakdown as the temperature reaches the bonding energy of the Carbon-Carbon (C-C) bond, the bond between two carbon atoms. The resultant reaction is the vaporization of the carbon, eliminating electromigration problems common with metal interconnects. The physics of breakdown of CNFs is poorly understood. The CNF interconnects' heating under a voltage sweep between two electrodes is modeled in this thesis. A working model was created with Silvaco ATLAS using experimental data provided by Santa Clara University (SCU). An analytical solution was found for the heat generation occurring within the device. The simulation does not show the breakdown occurring; instead, it accurately predicts the temperature and electrical characteristics of the device. This model will aid in the analysis of CNFs' reliability and potential future integration into the next generation electronics.
1 citations
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: In this article, a simplified representation of characteristic impedance and the analysis of the transient behavior under different mismatch conditions will enable the chip designer to optimize the performance of total circuitry, and an overview of safe amount of load mismatch that can be tolerated by different lengths of interconnects without causing any signal reliability issues.
Abstract: Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been identified as a possible replacement for copper interconnects due to their magnificent electrical and material properties. A series of performance predictions of these interconnects have been done in the last decade. Even then none of the literatures have been provided compact expression for characteristic impedance (Z o ) in terms of physical parameters of SWCNT interconnects. A simplified representation of characteristic impedance and the analyze the transient behavior under different mismatch conditions will enable the chip designer to optimize the performance of total circuitry. These studies give an overview of safe amount of load mismatch that can be tolerated by different lengths of interconnects without causing any signal reliability issues. Keywords: SWCNTs, CNT Interconnects, characteristic impedance, transient response, frequency response, load mismatch
1 citations
Dissertation•
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27 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a study of the relationship between the two types of energy-efficient power-saving devices: renewable and renewable energy-saving energy-generating vehicles.
Abstract: Dissertacao (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasilia, Faculdade de Tecnologia,
Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica, 2012.
1 citations
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References
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NEC1
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
Abstract: THE synthesis of molecular carbon structures in the form of C60 and other fullerenes1 has stimulated intense interest in the structures accessible to graphitic carbon sheets. Here I report the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes. Produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis, the needles grow at the negative end of the electrode used for the arc discharge. Electron microscopy reveals that each needle comprises coaxial tubes of graphitic sheets, ranging in number from 2 up to about 50. On each tube the carbon-atom hexagons are arranged in a helical fashion about the needle axis. The helical pitch varies from needle to needle and from tube to tube within a single needle. It appears that this helical structure may aid the growth process. The formation of these needles, ranging from a few to a few tens of nanometres in diameter, suggests that engineering of carbon structures should be possible on scales considerably greater than those relevant to the fullerenes. On 7 November 1991, Sumio Iijima announced in Nature the preparation of nanometre-size, needle-like tubes of carbon — now familiar as 'nanotubes'. Used in microelectronic circuitry and microscopy, and as a tool to test quantum mechanics and model biological systems, nanotubes seem to have unlimited potential.
36,871 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, electrical transport measurements on individual single-wall nanotubes have been performed to confirm the theoretical predictions of single-walled nanotube quantum wires, and they have been shown to act as genuine quantum wires.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have been regarded since their discovery1 as potential molecular quantum wires. In the case of multi-wall nanotubes, where many tubes are arranged in a coaxial fashion, the electrical properties of individual tubes have been shown to vary strongly from tube to tube2,3, and to be characterized by disorder and localization4. Single-wall nanotubes5,6 (SWNTs) have recently been obtained with high yields and structural uniformity7. Particular varieties of these highly symmetric structures have been predicted to be metallic, with electrical conduction occurring through only two electronic modes8–10. Because of the structural symmetry and stiffness of SWNTs, their molecular wavefunctions may extend over the entire tube. Here we report electrical transport measurements on individual single-wall nanotubes that confirm these theoretical predictions. We find that SWNTs indeed act as genuine quantum wires. Electrical conduction seems to occur through well separated, discrete electron states that are quantum-mechanically coherent over long distance, that is at least from contact to contact (140nm). Data in a magnetic field indicate shifting of these states due to the Zeeman effect.
2,626 citations
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TL;DR: The conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was found to be quantized and Extremely high stable current densities, J > 10(7) amperes per square centimeter, have been attained.
Abstract: The conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was found to be quantized. The experimental method involved measuring the conductance of nanotubes by replacing the tip of a scanning probe microscope with a nanotube fiber, which could be lowered into a liquid metal to establish a gentle electrical contact with a nanotube at the tip of the fiber. The conductance of arc-produced MWNTs is one unit of the conductance quantum G0 5 2e 2 /h 5 (12.9 kilohms) ‐1 . The nanotubes conduct current ballistically and do not dissipate heat. The nanotubes, which are typically 15 nanometers wide and 4 micrometers long, are several orders of magnitude greater in size and stability than other typical room-temperature quantum conductors. Extremely high stable current densities, J . 10 7 amperes per square centimeter, have been attained.
1,943 citations
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TL;DR: The intrinsic high-field transport properties of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes are measured using low-resistance electrical contacts and it is shown that the current-voltage characteristics can be explained by considering optical or zone-boundary phonon emission as the dominant scattering mechanism at high field.
Abstract: Using low-resistance electrical contacts, we have measured the intrinsic high-field transport properties of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes. Individual nanotubes appear to be able to carry currents with a density exceeding 10(9) A/cm(2). As the bias voltage is increased, the conductance drops dramatically due to scattering of electrons. We show that the current-voltage characteristics can be explained by considering optical or zone-boundary phonon emission as the dominant scattering mechanism at high field.
1,379 citations
"Statistical latency analysis of car..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication and electronic properties of devices based on individual carbon nanotubes are reviewed, and both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs are found to possess electrical characteristics that compare favorably to the best electronic materials available.
Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have emerged as a very promising new class of electronic materials. The fabrication and electronic properties of devices based on individual SWNTs are reviewed. Both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs are found to possess electrical characteristics that compare favorably to the best electronic materials available. Manufacturability issues, however, remain a major challenge.
1,191 citations
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