Journal ArticleDOI
Stem cells in the treatment of diabetes
TLDR
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the pancreatic and hepatic cell types have remarkable plasticity and can de‐ and trans‐differentiate into each other under appropriate conditions, which could lead to clinically applicable ways of inducing pancreatic islet regeneration in situ or to expanding the insulin‐producing cells in vitro for transplantation.Abstract:
Clinical islet transplantation trials based on cadaveric allogenic islets have demonstrated that it is indeed possible to restore near-physiological insulin secretion capacity in a type 1 diabetic patient through transplantation of insulin-producing cells. In order to develop this form of therapy to become available for the vast majority of patients with diabetes, new sources of transplantable insulin-producing cells need to be identified. Stem cells provide the best potential to achieve this goal. Controversial results have been presented concerning the existence and nature of pancreatic islet stem or precursor cells. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the pancreatic and hepatic cell types (hepatocytes, islet, acinar and ductal cells) have remarkable plasticity and can de- and trans-differentiate into each other under appropriate conditions. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes could lead to clinically applicable ways of either inducing pancreatic islet regeneration in situ or to expanding the insulin-producing cells in vitro for transplantation. The emergence of human embryonic stem cells has led to an active area of research aiming to achieve targeted differentiation of these cells into a safely transplantable beta-like cell. After initial excitement, it appears that much basic research is still required before this goal could be achieved.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from diabetic patients into insulin-producing cells in vitro
Yu Sun,Li Chen,Xinguo Hou,Wei-Kai Hou,Jian-jun Dong,Lei Sun,Kuan-xiao Tang,Bin Wang,Jun Song,Hui Li,Ke-xin Wang +10 more
TL;DR: Using diabetic patient's own bone marrow-derived MSCs as a source of autologous IPCs for beta-cell replacement would be feasible and can differentiate into functional I PCs under certain conditions in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineered Commensal Bacteria Reprogram Intestinal Cells Into Glucose-Responsive Insulin-Secreting Cells for the Treatment of Diabetes
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of the potential for a safe and effective nonabsorbed oral treatment for diabetes and support the concept of engineered commensal bacterial signaling to mediate enteric cell function in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Islet Encapsulation: Strategies to Enhance Islet Cell Functions
Jonathan Beck,Ryan Angus,Ben Madsen,David W. Britt,Brent Vernon,Kytai T. Nguyen,Kytai T. Nguyen +6 more
TL;DR: This review is designed to introduce the reader to cell replacement therapy and cell and tissue encapsulation, especially as it applies to diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging restorative treatments for Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: Experimental and clinical data regarding growth factor administration and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, particularly its role in neuroprotection and in regeneration in Parkinson's disease are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation and Production of Cells Suitable for Human Therapy: Challenges Ahead
Lars Ährlund-Richter,Michele De Luca,Daniel Robert Marshak,Megan Munsie,Anna Veiga,Mahendra S. Rao +5 more
TL;DR: This work outlines challenges that may vary across different models of cell therapy, including the following broad concepts: issues related to the sourcing of material, and Issues related to product manufacturing, shipping, storage and tracking, and standardization.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
James A. Thomson,Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor,Sander S. Shapiro,Michelle A. Waknitz,Swiergiel Jennifer J,Vivienne S. Marshall,Jeffrey M. Jones +6 more
TL;DR: Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos
TL;DR: The establishment in tissue culture of pluripotent cell lines which have been isolated directly from in vitro cultures of mouse blastocysts are reported, able to differentiate either in vitro or after innoculation into a mouse as a tumour in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described the establishment directly from normal preimplantation mouse embryos of a cell line that forms teratocarcinomas when injected into mice and demonstrated the pluripotency of these embryonic stem cells by the observation that subclonal cultures, derived from isolated single cells, can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow
Yuehua Jiang,Balkrishna N. Jahagirdar,R. Lee Reinhardt,Robert E. Schwartz,C. Dirk Keene,Xilma R. Ortiz-Gonzalez,Morayma Reyes,Todd Lenvik,Troy C. Lund,Mark Blackstad,Jingbo Du,Sara Aldrich,Aaron Lisberg,Walter C. Low,David A. Largaespada,Catherine M. Verfaillie +15 more
TL;DR: It is reported here that cells co-purifying with mesenchymal stem cells—termed here multipotent adult progenitor cells or MAPCs—differentiate, at the single cell level, not only into meschymal cells, but also cells with visceral mesoderm, neuroectoderm and endoderm characteristics in vitro.
Journal ArticleDOI
Islet Transplantation in Seven Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Glucocorticoid-Free Immunosuppressive Regimen
A. M. J. Shapiro,Jonathan R. T. Lakey,Edmond A. Ryan,Gregory S. Korbutt,Ellen L. Toth,Garth L. Warnock,Norman M. Kneteman,Ray V. Rajotte +7 more
TL;DR: The observations in patients with type 1 diabetes indicate that islet transplantation can result in insulin independence with excellent metabolic control when glucocorticoid-free immunosuppression is combined with the infusion of an adequate islet mass.