Journal ArticleDOI
Structural and functional brain changes related to different types of physical activity across the life span.
TLDR
Common results found in recent studies of metabolic and coordinative exercise and human motor learning are summarized and possible mechanisms by which physical activity facilitates cognitive performance are proposed.Citations
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A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults.
TL;DR: Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies with healthy older adults, frail patients, and persons suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia suggest that physical exercise is a promising nonpharmaceutical intervention to prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuropathology of sport
TL;DR: The beneficial aspects of sports participation on psychological, emotional, physical and cognitive health are summarized, and some of the less common adverse neuropathological outcomes are analyzed, including concussion, second-impact syndrome, juvenile head trauma syndrome, catastrophic sudden death, and CTE.
Journal ArticleDOI
EPA guidance on physical activity as a treatment for severe mental illness: a meta-review of the evidence and Position Statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health (IOPTMH).
Brendon Stubbs,Brendon Stubbs,Davy Vancampfort,Mats Hallgren,Joseph Firth,Nicola Veronese,Marco Solmi,Serge Brand,Joachim Cordes,Berend Malchow,Markus Gerber,Andrea Schmitt,Christoph U. Correll,Marc De Hert,Fiona Gaughran,Frank Schneider,Florence-Emilie Kinnafick,Peter Falkai,Hans-Jürgen Möller,Kai G. Kahl +19 more
TL;DR: A meta-review of PA interventions and their impact on health outcomes for people with SMI, including schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder makes multiple recommendations to fill existing research gaps and increase the use of PA in routine clinical care aimed at improving psychiatric and medical outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protective Effects of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.
TL;DR: Empirical data support an inverse relationship between the amount of physical activity undertaken and the risk of developing these two diseases, and the neuroprotective mechanisms induced by PE are linked to an increased production of superoxide dismutase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A default mode of brain function.
Marcus E. Raichle,Ann Mary MacLeod,Abraham Z. Snyder,William J. Powers,Debra A. Gusnard,Gordon L. Shulman +5 more
TL;DR: A baseline state of the normal adult human brain in terms of the brain oxygen extraction fraction or OEF is identified, suggesting the existence of an organized, baseline default mode of brain function that is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conflict monitoring and cognitive control.
TL;DR: Two computational modeling studies are reported, serving to articulate the conflict monitoring hypothesis and examine its implications, including a feedback loop connecting conflict monitoring to cognitive control, and a number of important behavioral phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function.
Eric J. Huang,Louis F. Reichardt +1 more
TL;DR: Neurotrophins regulate development, maintenance, and function of vertebrate nervous systems, and control synaptic function and synaptic plasticity, while continuing to modulate neuronal survival.
Journal ArticleDOI
Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that voluntary exercise is sufficient for enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus, in amounts similar to enrichment conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
Kirk I. Erickson,Michelle W. Voss,Ruchika Shaurya Prakash,Chandramallika Basak,Amanda N. Szabo,Laura Chaddock,Jennifer S. Kim,Susie Heo,Heloisa Alves,Siobhan M. White,Thomas R. Wójcicki,Emily L. Mailey,Victoria J. Vieira,Stephen A. Martin,Brandt D. Pence,Jeffrey A. Woods,Edward McAuley,Arthur F. Kramer +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that aerobic exercise training increases the size of the anterior hippocampus, leading to improvements in spatial memory, and that increased hippocampal volume is associated with greater serum levels of BDNF, a mediator of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
Kirk I. Erickson,Michelle W. Voss,Ruchika Shaurya Prakash,Chandramallika Basak,Amanda N. Szabo,Laura Chaddock,Jennifer S. Kim,Susie Heo,Heloisa Alves,Siobhan M. White,Thomas R. Wójcicki,Emily L. Mailey,Victoria J. Vieira,Stephen A. Martin,Brandt D. Pence,Jeffrey A. Woods,Edward McAuley,Arthur F. Kramer +17 more