Synthesis of phase-pure and monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles by thermal decomposition
Ryan Hufschmid,Hamed Arami,R. Matthew Ferguson,Marcela Gonzales,Eric Teeman,Lucien N. Brush,Nigel D. Browning,Kannan M. Krishnan +7 more
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This work presents a comprehensive template for the design and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with control over size, size distribution, phase, and resulting magnetic properties, and describes how phase purity can be controlled.Abstract:
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used for a wide range of biomedical applications requiring precise control over their physical and magnetic properties, which are dependent on their size and crystallographic phase. Here we present a comprehensive template for the design and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with control over size, size distribution, phase, and resulting magnetic properties. We investigate critical parameters for synthesis of monodisperse SPIONs by organic thermal decomposition. Three different, commonly used, iron containing precursors (iron oleate, iron pentacarbonyl, and iron oxyhydroxide) are evaluated under a variety of synthetic conditions. We compare the suitability of these three kinetically controlled synthesis protocols, which have in common the use of iron oleate as a starting precursor or reaction intermediate, for producing nanoparticles with specific size and magnetic properties. Monodisperse particles were produced over a tunable range of sizes from approximately 2–30 nm. Reaction parameters such as precursor concentration, addition of surfactant, temperature, ramp rate, and time were adjusted to kinetically control size and size-distribution, phase, and magnetic properties. In particular, large quantities of excess surfactant (up to 25 : 1 molar ratio) alter reaction kinetics and result in larger particles with uniform size; however, there is often a trade-off between large particles and a narrow size distribution. Iron oxide phase, in addition to nanoparticle size and shape, is critical for establishing magnetic properties such as differential susceptibility (dm/dH) and anisotropy. As an example, we show the importance of obtaining the required size and iron oxide phase for application to Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), and describe how phase purity can be controlled. These results provide much of the information necessary to determine which iron oxide synthesis protocol is best suited to a particular application.read more
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Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications.
Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar,Karolin Roemhild,Natascha Drude,Saskia von Stillfried,Ruth Knüchel,Fabian Kiessling,Twan Lammers,Twan Lammers,Twan Lammers +8 more
TL;DR: The synthesis, surface functionalization and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their (pre‐) clinical use in diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic settings, are summarized.
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In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles
TL;DR: This paper reviews crucial parameters of iron oxide nanoparticles, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them.
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Designed synthesis and surface engineering strategies of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
TL;DR: This review outlines the limitations of extant surface engineering strategies and several developing strategies that may overcome these limitations and details the promising future directions of this active research field.
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Thermal Decomposition Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Diminished Magnetic Dead Layer by Controlled Addition of Oxygen
Mythreyi Unni,Amanda M. Uhl,Amanda M. Uhl,Shehaab Savliwala,Shehaab Savliwala,Benjamin H. Savitzky,Benjamin H. Savitzky,Rohan Dhavalikar,Rohan Dhavalikar,Nicolas Garraud,Nicolas Garraud,David P. Arnold,David P. Arnold,Lena F. Kourkoutis,Lena F. Kourkoutis,Jennifer S. Andrew,Jennifer S. Andrew,Carlos Rinaldi,Carlos Rinaldi +18 more
TL;DR: It is shown how single-crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles with few defects and similar physical and magetic diameter distributions can be obtained by introducing molecular oxygen as one of the reactive species in the thermal decomposition synthesis without the need for any postsynthesis oxidation or thermal annealing.
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Preparation, surface functionalization and application of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles.
TL;DR: This paper reviews recent developments in the preparation, surface functionalization, and applications of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and some existing challenges and possible future trends in the field were discussed.
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