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Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World

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TLDR
In this article, the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and their response to large-scale environmental change is discussed, with a focus on the effects of urban land use change on Biogeochemical cycles.
Abstract
Global change and the Earth System.- Global Ecology, Networks, and Research Synthesis.- Carbon and Water Cycles in the 21st Century.- CO2 Fertilization: When, Where, How Much?.- Ecosystem Responses to Warming and Interacting Global Change Factors.- Insights from Stable Isotopes on the Role of Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle.- Effects of Urban Land-Use Change on Biogeochemical Cycles.- Saturation of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink.- Changing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning.- Functional Diversity - at the Crossroads between Ecosystem Functioning and Environmental Filters.- Linking Plant Invasions to Global Environmental Change.- Plant Biodiversity and Responses to Elevated Carbon Dioxide.- Predicting the Ecosystem Consequences of Biodiversity Loss: the Biomerge Framework.- Landscapes under Changing Disturbance Regimes.- Plant Species Migration as a Key Uncertainty in Predicting Future Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystems: Progress and Challenges.- Understanding Global Fire Dynamics by Classifying and Comparing Spatial Models of Vegetation and Fire.- Plant Functional Types: Are We Getting Any Closer to the Holy Grail?.- Spatial Nonlinearities: Cascading Effects in the Earth System.- Dynamic Global Vegetation Modeling: Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Responses to Large-Scale Environmental Change.- Managing Ecosystem Services.- Wheat Production Systems and Global Climate Change.- Pests Under Global Change - Meeting Your Future Landlords?.- Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential in Agricultural Soils.- Carbon and Water Tradeoffs in Conversions to Forests and Shrublands.- Natural and Human Dimensions of Land Degradation in Drylands: Causes and Consequences.- Regions under Stress.- Southeast Asian Fire Regimes and Land Development Policy.- Global Change Impacts on Agroecosystems of Eastern China.- Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia: Scaling up from Shoot Module to Watershed.- Responses of High Latitude Ecosystems to Global Change: Potential Consequences for the Climate System.- Future Directions: the Global Land Project.- The Future Research Challenge: the Global Land Project.

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Let the concept of trait be functional

TL;DR: An unambiguous definition of plant trait is given, with a particular emphasis on functional trait, and it is argued that this can be achieved by developing "integration functions" which can be grouped into functional response (community level) and effect (ecosystem level) algorithms.
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Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks

TL;DR: The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest human contributor to human-induced climate change, is increasing rapidly and three processes contribute to this rapid increase: emissions, global economic activity, carbon intensity of the global economy, and the increase in airborne fraction of CO2 emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI

Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009

TL;DR: Satellite data used to estimate global terrestrial NPP over the past decade found that the earlier trend has been reversed and that NPP has been decreasing, and combined with climate change data suggests that large-scale droughts are responsible for the decline.

Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon, which would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but would also intensify future competition between food demand and biofuel production.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change

TL;DR: The cumulative impact of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in the affected region during 2000–2020 will be 270 megatonnes (Mt) carbon, which converted the forest from a small net carbon sink to a large net carbon source both during and immediately after the outbreak.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

More Efficient Plants : a consequence of rising atmospheric CO2

TL;DR: The primary effect of plants response of plants to rising atmospheric CO2 (Ca) is to increase resource use efficiency, and at the same time it stimulates higher rates of photosynthesis and increases light-use efficiency as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Response of Natural Ecosystems to the Rising Global CO2 Levels

TL;DR: Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its increase in the atmosphere may influence the earth's energy budget and influence world ecosystems by direct effects on plant growth and development.
Journal ArticleDOI

Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that estimates of increases in carbon sequestration of forests, which is expected to partially compensate for increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, are unduly optimistic and that fertility can restrain the response of woodcarbon sequestration to increased atmospheric CO2.
Journal ArticleDOI

Carbon limitation in trees

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore current levels of nonstructural carbon in trees in natural forests in order to estimate the potential for a carbon-driven stimulation of growth, and conclude that, irrespective of the reason for its periodic cessation, growth does not seem to be limited by carbon supply.
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