The Adolescent Brain
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TLDR
Evidence is provided that there is a heightened responsiveness to incentives and socioemotional contexts during this time, when impulse control is still relatively immature, which suggests differential development of bottom‐up limbic systems to top‐down control systems during adolescence as compared to childhood and adulthood.Abstract:
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by suboptimal decisions and actions that are associated with an increased incidence of unintentional injuries, violence, substance abuse, unintended pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. Traditional neurobiological and cognitive explanations for adolescent behavior have failed to account for the nonlinear changes in behavior observed during adolescence, relative to both childhood and adulthood. This review provides a biologically plausible model of the neural mechanisms underlying these nonlinear changes in behavior. We provide evidence from recent human brain imaging and animal studies that there is a heightened responsiveness to incentives and socioemotional contexts during this time, when impulse control is still relatively immature. These findings suggest differential development of bottom-up limbic systems, implicated in incentive and emotional processing, to top-down control systems during adolescence as compared to childhood and adulthood. This developmental pattern may be exacerbated in those adolescents prone to emotional reactivity, increasing the likelihood of poor outcomes.read more
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A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Adolescent Risk-Taking.
TL;DR: This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience, and finds that changes in the brain's cognitive control system - changes which improve individuals' capacity for self-regulation - occur across adolescence and young adulthood.
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Personality and Coping
TL;DR: Relations of traits to specific coping responses reveal a more nuanced picture and recommendations are presented for ways future research can expand on the growing understanding of how personality and coping shape adjustment to stress.
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Adolescence: a foundation for future health
Susan M Sawyer,Susan M Sawyer,Rima Afifi,Linda H. Bearinger,Sarah-Jayne Blakemore,Bruce Dick,Alex Ezeh,George C Patton,George C Patton +8 more
TL;DR: New understandings of the diverse and dynamic effects on adolescent health include insights into the effects of puberty and brain development, together with social media, which provide important opportunities to improve health, both in adolescence and later in life.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: evidence for a dual systems model.
Laurence Steinberg,Dustin Albert,Elizabeth Cauffman,Marie T. Banich,Sandra Graham,Jennifer L. Woolard +5 more
TL;DR: Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 are examined, showing a curvilinear pattern and suggesting Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control.
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A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Adolescent Risk-Taking.
TL;DR: This article proposes a framework for theory and research on risk-taking that is informed by developmental neuroscience, and finds that changes in the brain's cognitive control system - changes which improve individuals' capacity for self-regulation - occur across adolescence and young adulthood.