The Centromere: Epigenetic Control of Chromosome Segregation during Mitosis
TLDR
This review discusses the current knowledge of centromere establishment, maintenance, composition, structure, and function in mitosis and presents a brief history ofcentromere research.Abstract:
A fundamental challenge for the survival of all organisms is maintaining the integrity of the genome in all cells. Cells must therefore segregate their replicated genome equally during each cell division. Eukaryotic organisms package their genome into a number of physically distinct chromosomes, which replicate during S phase and condense during prophase of mitosis to form paired sister chromatids. During mitosis, cells form a physical connection between each sister chromatid and microtubules of the mitotic spindle, which segregate one copy of each chromatid to each new daughter cell. The centromere is the DNA locus on each chromosome that creates the site of this connection. In this review, we present a brief history of centromere research and discuss our current knowledge of centromere establishment, maintenance, composition, structure, and function in mitosis.read more
Citations
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Mislocalization of the Drosophila centromere-specific histone CID promotes formation of functional ectopic kinetochores
TL;DR: Karpen et al. as discussed by the authors showed that overexpressed CID is mislocalized into normally non-centromeric regions in Drosophila tissue culture cells and animals, and showed that mitotic delays, anaphase bridges, chromosome fragmentation, and cell and organismal lethality are all direct consequences of mislocalization.
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Expanded Satellite Repeats Amplify a Discrete CENP-A Nucleosome Assembly Site on Chromosomes that Drive in Female Meiosis
Aiko Iwata-Otsubo,Jennine M. Dawicki-McKenna,Takashi Akera,Samantha J. Falk,Lukáš Chmátal,Karren Yang,Beth A. Sullivan,Richard M. Schultz,Michael A. Lampson,Ben E. Black +9 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that amplified repetitive sequences act as selfish elements by promoting expansion of CENP-A chromatin and increased transmission through the female germline by bias their segregation to the egg relative to centromeres with fewer repeats.
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Both tails and the centromere targeting domain of CENP-A are required for centromere establishment.
Glennis A. Logsdon,Evelyne J. Barrey,Evelyne J. Barrey,Emily A. Bassett,Jamie E. DeNizio,Lucie Y. Guo,Tanya Panchenko,Jennine M. Dawicki-McKenna,Patrick Heun,Ben E. Black +9 more
TL;DR: New roles for the N-terminal histone tail and folded core of CENP-A are revealed by monitoring early steps in centromere establishment.
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The synaptonemal complex imposes crossover interference and heterochiasmy in Arabidopsis
Laia Capilla-Pérez,Stéphanie Durand,Aurélie Hurel,Qichao Lian,Aurélie Chambon,Christelle Taochy,Victor Solier,Mathilde Grelon,Raphael Mercier +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the synaptonemal complex, a structure that zips homologous chromosomes together during meiosis, is essential for crossover interference in Arabidopsis, and genome-wide analysis of recombination revealed that CO interference is abolished, with the frequent observation of close COs.
Analysis ofanticentromere autoantibodies usingcloned autoantigen CENP-B
TL;DR: A radioimmunoassay based on cloned CENP-B has demonstrated that sera from greater than or equal to 96% of patients with ACA recognize the cloned antigen, thus defining a region of the protein that is recognized by virtually all patients withACA.
References
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Histone H3.1 and H3.3 Complexes Mediate Nucleosome Assembly Pathways Dependent or Independent of DNA Synthesis
TL;DR: Deposition of the major histone H3 (H3.1) is coupled to DNA synthesis during DNA replication and possibly DNA repair, whereas histone variant H3.3 serves as the replacement variant for the DNA-synthesis-independent deposition pathway, and purified deposition machineries for these histones are presented.
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Molecular architecture of the kinetochore–microtubule interface
Iain M. Cheeseman,Arshad Desai +1 more
TL;DR: The kinetochore is composed of a number of conserved protein complexes that direct its specification and assembly, bind to spindle microtubules and regulate chromosome segregation.
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Epigenetic inheritance during the cell cycle
TL;DR: Considering chromatin-based information, key candidates have arisen as epigenetic marks, including DNA and histone modifications, histone variants, non-histone chromatin proteins, nuclear RNA as well as higher-order chromatin organization.
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Identification of a family of human centromere proteins using autoimmune sera from patients with scleroderma.
TL;DR: Examination of “preimmune” serum samples from a patient who progressively developed the symptoms of scleroderma CREST over a period of several years shows that these patients make antibody species recognizing at least three distinct epitopes on C ENP-B and two on CENP-C.
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Isolation of a yeast centromere and construction of functional small circular chromosomes
Louise Clarke,John Carbon +1 more
TL;DR: The centromeric DNA (CEN3) from yeast chromosome III has been isolated on a 1.6 kilobase-pair segment of DNA located near the centromere-linked CDC10 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Related Papers (5)
The centromere: chromatin foundation for the kinetochore machinery.
Epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin: old dogs, new tricks?
Robin C. Allshire,Gary H. Karpen +1 more