Epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin: old dogs, new tricks?
Robin C. Allshire,Gary H. Karpen +1 more
TLDR
New models for how centromeric chromatin is established and propagated are proposed for the establishment and maintenance of centromere identity and kinetochore assembly.Abstract:
The assembly of just a single kinetochore at the centromere of each sister chromatid is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Surprisingly, despite their vital function, centromeres show considerable plasticity with respect to their chromosomal locations and activity. The establishment and maintenance of centromeric chromatin, and therefore the location of kinetochores, is epigenetically regulated. The histone H3 variant CENP-A is the key determinant of centromere identity and kinetochore assembly. Recent studies have identified many factors that affect CENP-A localization, but their precise roles in this process are unknown. We build on these advances and on new information about the timing of CENP-A assembly during the cell cycle to propose new models for how centromeric chromatin is established and propagated.read more
Citations
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Histone variants-ancient wrap artists of the epigenome
Paul B. Talbert,Steven Henikoff +1 more
TL;DR: Differences among histone variants in their stability, DNA wrapping, specialized domains that regulate access to DNA, and post-translational modifications, underlie the diverse functions that histones have acquired in evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic inheritance during the cell cycle
TL;DR: Considering chromatin-based information, key candidates have arisen as epigenetic marks, including DNA and histone modifications, histone variants, non-histone chromatin proteins, nuclear RNA as well as higher-order chromatin organization.
Journal ArticleDOI
The spindle assembly checkpoint.
TL;DR: Recent progress is reviewed in understanding of how the checkpoint signal is generated, how it blocks cell cycle progression and how it is extinguished.
BookDOI
Long Noncoding RNAs
TL;DR: The chapter shows that the current understanding of what is a gene should be revised, in order to clearly define the complex relationship between product-coding regions, regulatory sequences, and the organism’s phenotype.
Journal ArticleDOI
HJURP is a cell-cycle-dependent maintenance and deposition factor of CENP-A at centromeres
Elaine M. Dunleavy,Danièle Roche,Hideaki Tagami,Nicolas Lacoste,Dominique Ray-Gallet,Yusuke Nakamura,Yataro Daigo,Yoshihiro Nakatani,Geneviève Almouzni-Pettinotti +8 more
TL;DR: HJURP centromeric localization is cell cycle regulated, and its transient appearance at the centromere coincides precisely with the proposed time window for new CENP-A deposition and maintenance at centromeres.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chromatin Modifications and Their Function
TL;DR: The surface of nucleosomes is studded with a multiplicity of modifications that can dictate the higher-order chromatin structure in which DNA is packaged and can orchestrate the ordered recruitment of enzyme complexes to manipulate DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Translating the Histone Code
Thomas Jenuwein,C. David Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.
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To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy
TL;DR: Despite the devastating clinical consequences of aneuploidy, relatively little is known of how trisomy and monosomy originate in humans, but recent molecular and cytogenetic approaches are now beginning to shed light on the non-disjunctional processes that lead to aneuPLoidy.
Journal ArticleDOI
ATP-Driven Exchange of Histone H2AZ Variant Catalyzed by SWR1 Chromatin Remodeling Complex
TL;DR: It is found that Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related adenosine triphosphatase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit, histone-variant exchanger that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A with hist one H2AZ in nucleosome arrays.
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Histone H3.1 and H3.3 Complexes Mediate Nucleosome Assembly Pathways Dependent or Independent of DNA Synthesis
TL;DR: Deposition of the major histone H3 (H3.1) is coupled to DNA synthesis during DNA replication and possibly DNA repair, whereas histone variant H3.3 serves as the replacement variant for the DNA-synthesis-independent deposition pathway, and purified deposition machineries for these histones are presented.