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Open AccessProceedings ArticleDOI

The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding

TLDR
This work introduces Cityscapes, a benchmark suite and large-scale dataset to train and test approaches for pixel-level and instance-level semantic labeling, and exceeds previous attempts in terms of dataset size, annotation richness, scene variability, and complexity.
Abstract
Visual understanding of complex urban street scenes is an enabling factor for a wide range of applications. Object detection has benefited enormously from large-scale datasets, especially in the context of deep learning. For semantic urban scene understanding, however, no current dataset adequately captures the complexity of real-world urban scenes. To address this, we introduce Cityscapes, a benchmark suite and large-scale dataset to train and test approaches for pixel-level and instance-level semantic labeling. Cityscapes is comprised of a large, diverse set of stereo video sequences recorded in streets from 50 different cities. 5000 of these images have high quality pixel-level annotations, 20 000 additional images have coarse annotations to enable methods that leverage large volumes of weakly-labeled data. Crucially, our effort exceeds previous attempts in terms of dataset size, annotation richness, scene variability, and complexity. Our accompanying empirical study provides an in-depth analysis of the dataset characteristics, as well as a performance evaluation of several state-of-the-art approaches based on our benchmark.

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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Deep Watershed Transform for Instance Segmentation

TL;DR: This paper presents a simple yet powerful end-to-end convolutional neural network that achieves more than double the performance over the state-of-the-art on the challenging Cityscapes Instance Level Segmentation task.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Sliced Wasserstein Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

TL;DR: The proposed sliced Wasserstein discrepancy (SWD) is designed to capture the natural notion of dissimilarity between the outputs of task-specific classifiers and enables efficient distribution alignment in an end-to-end trainable fashion.
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Semantic Instance Segmentation with a Discriminative Loss Function

TL;DR: This work proposes an approach of combining an off-the-shelf network with a principled loss function inspired by a metric learning objective that encourages a convolutional network to produce a representation of the image that can easily be clustered into instances with a simple post-processing step.
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Structured Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentation

TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the issue of knowledge distillation for training compact semantic segmentation networks by making use of cumbersome networks and proposed to distill the structured knowledge from cumbersome networks into compact networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Machine Learning and Deep Learning frameworks and libraries for large-scale data mining: a survey

TL;DR: This survey presents a recent time-slide comprehensive overview with comparisons as well as trends in development and usage of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence software that is capable of scaling computation effectively and efficiently in the era of Big Data.
References
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Proceedings Article

ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art performance of CNNs was achieved by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as discussed by the authors, which consists of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax.
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Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

TL;DR: This work investigates the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting using an architecture with very small convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers.
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Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting and showed that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 layers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Deep learning

TL;DR: Deep learning is making major advances in solving problems that have resisted the best attempts of the artificial intelligence community for many years, and will have many more successes in the near future because it requires very little engineering by hand and can easily take advantage of increases in the amount of available computation and data.
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ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge

TL;DR: The ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) as mentioned in this paper is a benchmark in object category classification and detection on hundreds of object categories and millions of images, which has been run annually from 2010 to present, attracting participation from more than fifty institutions.
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What is city scene understanding?

City scene understanding involves pixel-level and instance-level semantic labeling in urban environments. The Cityscapes dataset provides a benchmark for training and testing approaches in this area.