Journal ArticleDOI
The co-occurrence of major depressive disorder among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis
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TLDR
It is revealed that 52%, 95% confidence interval, of individuals with current PTSD had co-occurring MDD, and military samples and interpersonal traumas demonstrated higher rates of MDD among individuals with PTSD than civilian samples and natural disasters, respectively.Abstract:
Although co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with greater distress, impairment, and health care utilization than PTSD alone, the magnitude of this problem is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the mean prevalence of current MDD co-occurrence among individuals with PTSD and examine potential moderating variables (U.S. nationality, gender, trauma type, military service, referral type) that may influence the rate of PTSD and MDD co-occurrence. Meta-analytic findings (k = 57 studies; N = 6,670 participants) revealed that 52%, 95% confidence interval [48, 56], of individuals with current PTSD had co-occurring MDD. When outliers were removed, military samples and interpersonal traumas demonstrated higher rates of MDD among individuals with PTSD than civilian samples and natural disasters, respectively. U.S. nationality, gender, and referral type did not significantly account for differences in co-occurrence rates. This high co-occurrence rate accentuates the importance of routinely assessing MDD among individuals with PTSD and continuing research into the association between these disorders.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Application of Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders.
J D Bremner,J D Bremner,Nil Z. Gurel,Matthew T. Wittbrodt,Md. Mobashir Hasan Shandhi,Mark Hyman Rapaport,Jonathon A. Nye,Bradley D. Pearce,Viola Vaccarino,Amit J. Shah,Amit J. Shah,Jeanie Park,Jeanie Park,Marom Bikson,Omer T. Inan +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the physiology of the vagus nerve and its relevance to modulating the stress response in the context of application of non-invasive VNS to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Cannabinoids prevent depressive-like symptoms and alterations in BDNF expression in a rat model of PTSD.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that cannabinoids may prevent both depressive‐ and PTSD‐like symptoms following exposure to severe stress and that alterations in BDNF levels in the brains' fear circuit are involved in these effects.
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Psychological harm in women victims of intimate partner violence: Epidemiology and quantification of injury in mental health markers
TL;DR: The field study with women victims of intimate partner violence to assess the epidemiology of injury in mental health markers and to quantify injury by combining the analysis of the population of WVs-IPV (difference in means) with clinical cases (clinical significance) found a significant rate of clinical cases in all of the dimensions and distress indexes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trauma, PTSD, and complex PTSD in the Republic of Ireland: prevalence, service use, comorbidity, and risk factors.
Philip Hyland,Philip Hyland,Frédérique Vallières,Marylene Cloitre,Marylene Cloitre,Menachem Ben-Ezra,Thanos Karatzias,Thanos Karatzias,Miranda Olff,Jamie Murphy,Mark Shevlin +10 more
TL;DR: Almost one-in-eight Irish adults met diagnostic requirements for PTSD or CPTSD, and comorbidity with other disorders was high, revealing a substantial mental health treatment gap.
Journal ArticleDOI
A randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure therapy versus relaxation training for older veterans with military-related PTSD
Steven R. Thorp,Lisa H. Glassman,Lisa H. Glassman,Stephanie Y. Wells,Stephanie Y. Wells,Kristen H. Walter,Heather M. Gebhardt,Elizabeth W. Twamley,Elizabeth W. Twamley,Shahrokh Golshan,James O. E. Pittman,James O. E. Pittman,Kendra Penski,Kendra Penski,Carolyn B. Allard,Carolyn B. Allard,Leslie A. Morland,Leslie A. Morland,Julie Loebach Wetherell,Julie Loebach Wetherell +19 more
TL;DR: PE and RT are well-tolerated, feasible, and effective for older adults, though treatment gains were not maintained at follow-up, though time by treatment condition interaction emerged.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.
TL;DR: Progress in estimating age-at-onset distributions, cohort effects, and the conditional probabilities of PTSD from different types of trauma will require future epidemiologic studies to assess PTSD for all lifetime traumas rather than for only a small number of retrospectively reported "most serious" traumAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.
Lee Anna Clark,David Watson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal (specific anxiety), and anhedonia (specific depression), and a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression was proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 years of research.
David F. Tolin,Edna B. Foa +1 more
TL;DR: Meta-analyses of studies yielding sex-specific risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicated that female participants were more likely than male participants to meet criteria for PTSD, although they were less likely to experience PTEs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
Evelyn J. Bromet,Laura Helena Andrade,Irving Hwang,Nancy A. Sampson,Jordi Alonso,Giovanni de Girolamo,Ron de Graaf,Koen Demyttenaere,Chiyi Hu,Noboru Iwata,A. N. Karam,Jagdish Kaur,Stanislav Kostyuchenko,Jean-Pierre Lépine,Daphna Levinson,Herbert Matschinger,Maria Elena Medina Mora,Mark Anthony Oakley Browne,Jose Posada-Villa,Maria Carmen Viana,David R. Williams,Ronald C. Kessler +21 more
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