The Immune System in Pregnancy: A Unique Complexity
Gil Mor,Ingrid Cardenas +1 more
TLDR
The complexity of the immunology of pregnancy and the focus on the concept of immunology-of pregnancy as an organ transplantation have complicated the field and delayed the development of new guidelines with clinical implications that could help to answer these and other relevant questions as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
Placental immune response and its tropism for specific viruses and pathogens affect the outcome of the pregnant woman's susceptibility to and severity of certain infectious diseases. The generalization of pregnancy as a condition of immune suppression or increased risk is misleading and prevents the determination of adequate guidelines for treating pregnant women during pandemics. There is a need to evaluate the interaction of each specific pathogen with the fetal/placental unit and its responses to design the adequate prophylaxis or therapy. The complexity of the immunology of pregnancy and the focus, for many years, on the concept of immunology of pregnancy as an organ transplantation have complicated the field and delayed the development of new guidelines with clinical implications that could help to answer these and other relevant questions. Our challenge as scientists and clinicians interested in the field of reproductive immunology is to evaluate many of the 'classical concepts' to define new approaches for a better understanding of the immunology of pregnancy that will benefit mothers and fetuses in different clinical scenarios.read more
Citations
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Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
Omry Koren,Julia K. Goodrich,Tyler C. Cullender,Aymé Spor,Kirsi Laitinen,Helene Kling Bäckhed,Antonio Gonzalez,Jeffrey J. Werner,Largus T. Angenent,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Fredrik Bäckhed,Erika Isolauri,Seppo Salminen,Ruth E. Ley +14 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that host-microbial interactions that impact host metabolism can occur and may be beneficial in pregnancy and when transferred to germ-free mice, T3 microbiota induced greater adiposity and insulin insensitivity compared to T1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age.
TL;DR: A picture emerges of a child born with an immature, innate and adaptive immune system, which matures and acquires memory as he or she grows then goes into decline in old age.
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Inflammation and pregnancy: the role of the immune system at the implantation site.
TL;DR: A new paradigm in terms of the fetal–maternal immune interaction as well as the immunological response of the mother to microorganism is proposed in order to better understand the immunology of pregnancy and to deliver the appropriate treatment to patients with pregnancy complications.
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A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome
TL;DR: Current scientific evidence does not support the existence of microbiomes within the healthy fetal milieu, which has implications for the development of clinical practices that prevent microbiome perturbations after birth and the establishment of future research priorities.
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Pregnancy and Infection
TL;DR: This review includes an update on immunologic alterations during pregnancy, and an increased severity of infections with some organisms, including influenza virus, hepatitis E virus, herpes simplex virus, and malaria parasites.
References
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Decidual NK cells regulate key developmental processes at the human fetal-maternal interface
Jacob H. Hanna,Debra Goldman-Wohl,Yaron Hamani,Inbal Avraham,Caryn Greenfield,Shira Natanson-Yaron,Diana Prus,Leonor Cohen-Daniel,Tal I. Arnon,Irit Manaster,Roi Gazit,Vladimir Yutkin,Daniel Benharroch,Angel Porgador,Eli Keshet,Simcha Yagel,Ofer Mandelboim +16 more
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The preterm parturition syndrome
Roberto Romero,Jimmy Espinoza,Juan Pedro Kusanovic,Francesca Gotsch,Sonia S. Hassan,Offer Erez,Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa,Moshe Mazor +7 more
TL;DR: The evidence indicating that the pathological processes implicated in the preterm parturition syndrome include: intrauterine infection/inflammation; uterine ischaemia; (3) uterine overdistension; (4) abnormal allograft reaction; (5) allergy; (6) cervical insufficiency; and (7) hormonal disorders (progesterone related and corticotrophin‐releasing factor related).