The Loci of Evolution: How Predictable is Genetic Evolution?
David L. Stern,Virginie Orgogozo +1 more
TLDR
Test the empirical support for the cis-regulatory hypothesis with a comprehensive survey of mutations responsible for phenotypic evolution in multicellular organisms and describes and critique the arguments that have been proposed in support of this hypothesis.Abstract:
Is genetic evolution predictable? Evolutionary developmental biologists have argued that, at least for morphological traits, the answer is a resounding yes. Most mutations causing morphological variation are expected to reside in the cis-regulatory, rather than the coding, regions of developmental genes. This “cis-regulatory hypothesis” has recently come under attack. In this review, we first describe and critique the arguments that have been proposed in support of the cis-regulatory hypothesis. We then test the empirical support for the cis-regulatory hypothesis with a comprehensive survey of mutations responsible for phenotypic evolution in multicellular organisms. Cis-regulatory mutations currently represent approximately 22% of 331 identified genetic changes although the number of cis-regulatory changes published annually is rapidly increasing. Above the species level, cis-regulatory mutations altering morphology are more common than coding changes. Also, above the species level cis-regulatory mutations predominate for genes not involved in terminal differentiation. These patterns imply that the simple question “Do coding or cis-regulatory mutations cause more phenotypic evolution?” hides more interesting phenomena. Evolution in different kinds of populations and over different durations may result in selection of different kinds of mutations. Predicting the genetic basis of evolution requires a comprehensive synthesis of molecular developmental biology and population genetics.read more
Citations
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Journal Article
Human biochemical genetics
TL;DR: For the next few weeks the course is going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach it’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks
Felicity C. Jones,Manfred Grabherr,Manfred Grabherr,Yingguang Frank Chan,Pamela Russell,Evan Mauceli,Evan Mauceli,Jeremy Johnson,Ross Swofford,Mono Pirun,Mono Pirun,Michael C. Zody,Simon D. M. White,Ewan Birney,Stephen M. J. Searle,Jeremy Schmutz,Jane Grimwood,Mark Dickson,Richard M. Myers,Craig Miller,Craig Miller,Brian R. Summers,Anne K. Knecht,Shannon D. Brady,Haili Zhang,Alex A. Pollen,Timothy R. Howes,Chris T. Amemiya,Eric S. Lander,Federica Di Palma,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,David M. Kingsley,David M. Kingsley +33 more
TL;DR: A high-quality reference genome assembly for threespine stickleback fish is developed and it is indicated that reuse of globally shared standing genetic variation has an important role in repeated evolution of distinct marine and freshwater sticklebacks, and in the maintenance of divergent ecotypes during early stages of reproductive isolation.
The genomic basis of adaptive evolution in threespine sticklebacks
Felicity C. Jones,Manfred Grabherr,Yingguang Frank Chan,Pamela Russell,Evan Mauceli,Jeremy A. Johnson,Ross Swofford,Mono Pirun,Michael C. Zody,Simon D. M. White,Ewan Birney,Stephen M. J. Searle,Jeremy Schmutz,Jane Grimwood,Mark Dickson,Richard M. Myers,Craig Miller,Brian R. Summers,Anne K. Knecht,Shannon D. Brady,Haili Zhang,Alex A. Pollen,Timothy R. Howes,Chris T. Amemiya,Jen Baldwin,Toby Bloom,David B. Jaffe,Robert Nicol,Jane E. Wilkinson,Eric S. Lander,Federica Di Palma,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,David M. Kingsley +32 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive Evolution of Pelvic Reduction in Sticklebacks by Recurrent Deletion of a Pitx1 Enhancer
Yingguang Frank Chan,Melissa E. Marks,Felicity C. Jones,Guadalupe Villarreal,Michael D. Shapiro,Shannon D. Brady,Audrey Southwick,Devin Absher,Jane Grimwood,Jeremy Schmutz,Richard M. Myers,Dmitri A. Petrov,Bjarni Jónsson,Dolph Schluter,Michael A. Bell,David M. Kingsley +15 more
TL;DR: These studies illustrate how major expression and morphological changes can arise from single mutational leaps in natural populations, producing new adaptive alleles via recurrent regulatory alterations in a key developmental control gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cis-regulatory elements: molecular mechanisms and evolutionary processes underlying divergence
Patricia J. Wittkopp,Gizem Kalay +1 more
TL;DR: This work shows how cis-regulatory activity can diverge and how studies of cis-Regulatory divergence can address long-standing questions about the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic evolution.
References
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Book
Introduction to quantitative genetics
TL;DR: The genetic constitution of a population: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and changes in gene frequency: migration mutation, changes of variance, and heritability are studied.
Journal Article
Human biochemical genetics
TL;DR: For the next few weeks the course is going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach it’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
TL;DR: Although it is true that most text-books of genetics open with a chapter on biometry, closer inspection will reveal that this has little connexion with the body of the work, and that more often than not it is merely belated homage to a once fashionable study.
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