The OSIRIS-REx target asteroid (101955) Bennu: Constraints on its physical, geological, and dynamical nature from astronomical observations
Dante S. Lauretta,Arlin E. Bartels,M. A. Barucci,E. B. Bierhaus,Richard P. Binzel,William F. Bottke,Humberto Campins,Steven R. Chesley,B. C. Clark,Beth E. Clark,Edward A. Cloutis,Harold C. Connolly,Harold C. Connolly,Harold C. Connolly,M. K. Crombie,Marco Delbo,Jason P. Dworkin,Josh Emery,Daniel P. Glavin,Victoria E. Hamilton,Carl Hergenrother,Catherine L. Johnson,Catherine L. Johnson,Lindsay P. Keller,Patrick Michel,Michael C. Nolan,Scott A. Sandford,Daniel J. Scheeres,Amy Simon,B. Sutter,David Vokrouhlický,Kevin J. Walsh +31 more
TLDR
In this article, the results of an extensive campaign to determine the physical, geological, and dynamical properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu were presented, and the results were used to develop a hypothetical timeline for Bennu's formation and evolution.Abstract:
We review the results of an extensive campaign to determine the physical, geological, and dynamical properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu. This investigation provides information on the orbit, shape, mass, rotation state, radar response, photometric, spectroscopic, thermal, regolith, and environmental properties of Bennu. We combine these data with cosmochemical and dynamical models to develop a hypothetical timeline for Bennu's formation and evolution. We infer that Bennu is an ancient object that has witnessed over 4.5 Gyr of solar system history. Its chemistry and mineralogy were established within the first 10 Myr of the solar system. It likely originated as a discrete asteroid in the inner Main Belt approximately 0.7–2 Gyr ago as a fragment from the catastrophic disruption of a large (approximately 100-km), carbonaceous asteroid. It was delivered to near-Earth space via a combination of Yarkovsky-induced drift and interaction with giant-planet resonances. During its journey, YORP processes and planetary close encounters modified Bennu's spin state, potentially reshaping and resurfacing the asteroid. We also review work on Bennu's future dynamical evolution and constrain its ultimate fate. It is one of the most Potentially Hazardous Asteroids with an approximately 1-in-2700 chance of impacting the Earth in the late 22nd century. It will most likely end its dynamical life by falling into the Sun. The highest probability for a planetary impact is with Venus, followed by the Earth. There is a chance that Bennu will be ejected from the inner solar system after a close encounter with Jupiter. OSIRIS-REx will return samples from the surface of this intriguing asteroid in September 2023.read more
Citations
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OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Dante S. Lauretta,S. S. Balram-Knutson,E. C. Beshore,William V. Boynton,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,Daniella DellaGiustina,H. L. Enos,Dathon Golish,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Carina Bennett,E. T. Morton,Michael C. Nolan,Bashar Rizk,H. L. Roper,Arlin E. Bartels,Brent J. Bos,Jason P. Dworkin,D. E. Highsmith,D. A. Lorenz,Lucy F. Lim,Ronald G. Mink,Michael C. Moreau,Joseph A. Nuth,D. C. Reuter,Amy Simon,Edward B. Bierhaus,B. H. Bryan,Ronald-Louis Ballouz,Olivier S. Barnouin,Richard P. Binzel,William F. Bottke,Victoria E. Hamilton,Kevin J. Walsh,S. R. Chesley,Philip R. Christensen,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,M. K. Crombie,Michael Daly,Josh Emery,Timothy J. McCoy,Jay W. McMahon,Daniel J. Scheeres,Scott Messenger,Keiko Nakamura-Messenger,Kevin Righter,Scott A. Sandford +47 more
TL;DR: The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft departed for near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu via an United Launch Alliance Atlas V 411 evolved expendable launch vehicle at 7:05 p.m. EDT on September 8, 2016, on a seven-year journey to return samples from Bennu as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu
Dante S. Lauretta,Daniella DellaGiustina,Carina Bennett,Dathon Golish,Kris J. Becker,S. S. Balram-Knutson,Olivier S. Barnouin,Tammy L. Becker,William F. Bottke,William V. Boynton,Humberto Campins,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,Jason P. Dworkin,Josh Emery,H. L. Enos,Victoria E. Hamilton,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Matthew R.M. Izawa,Hannah Kaplan,Michael C. Nolan,Bashar Rizk,H. L. Roper,Daniel J. Scheeres,P. H. Smith,Kevin J. Walsh,C. W. V. Wolner,Osiris-Rex Team +29 more
TL;DR: Early OSIRIS-REx observations of Bennu are considered to understand how the asteroid’s properties compare to pre-encounter expectations and to assess the prospects for sample return.
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of Rubble-Pile Asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx Imaging and Thermal Analysis
Daniella DellaGiustina,Josh Emery,Dathon Golish,Benjamin Rozitis,Carina Bennett,K. N. Burke,Ronald-Louis Ballouz,Kris J. Becker,Philip R. Christensen,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,V. E. Hamilton,D. C. Reuter,Bashar Rizk,Amy Simon,Erik Asphaug,Joshua L. Bandfield,Olivier S. Barnouin,M. A. Barucci,E. B. Bierhaus,R. P. Binzel,William F. Bottke,Neil Bowles,Humberto Campins,B. C. Clark,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,Michael Daly,J. de León,Marco Delbo,J. D. P. Deshapriya,Catherine Elder,Sonia Fornasier,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Erica Jawin,Hannah Kaplan,Theodore Kareta,L. Le Corre,Jian-Yang Li,Javier Licandro,Lucy F. Lim,Patrick Michel,Jamie Molaro,Michael C. Nolan,Maurizio Pajola,Marcel Popescu,J. L. Rizos Garcia,Andrew Ryan,Stephen R. Schwartz,N. Shultz,Matthew A. Siegler,P. H. Smith,Eri Tatsumi,Cristina A. Thomas,Kevin J. Walsh,C. W. V. Wolner,Xiao-Duan Zou,Dante S. Lauretta +57 more
TL;DR: Using images and thermal data from NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, this paper showed that asteroid (101955) Bennu's surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hayabusa2 Mission Overview
Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Yuichi Tsuda,Makoto Yoshikawa,Satoshi Tanaka,Takanao Saiki,Satoru Nakazawa +6 more
TL;DR: The Hayabusa2 mission as mentioned in this paper was the first mission to explore a C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999 JU3) to observe and explore the 900 m-sized object, and return samples collected from the surface layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
In search of the source of asteroid (101955) Bennu: Applications of the stochastic YORP model
William F. Bottke,David Vokrouhlický,Kevin J. Walsh,Marco Delbo,Patrick Michel,Dante S. Lauretta,Humberto Campins,Harold C. Connolly,Harold C. Connolly,Harold C. Connolly,Daniel J. Scheeres,Steven R. Chelsey +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a suite of numerical simulations to determine the ages of the families above, how Bennu reached its current orbit, and the most probable source family for Bennu.
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