The Sesbania Root Symbionts Sinorhizobium saheli and S. teranga bv. sesbaniae Can Form Stem Nodules on Sesbania rostrata, although They Are Less Adapted to Stem Nodulation than Azorhizobium caulinodans.
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TLDR
This last property, together with its host-specific symbiotic nitrogen fixation, makes Azorhizobium highly specialized for stem nodulation of the aquatic legume Sesbania rostrata.Abstract:
Sesbania species can establish symbiotic interactions with rhizobia from two taxonomically distant genera, including the Sesbania rostrata stem-nodulating Azorhizobium sp. and Azorhizobium caulinodans and the newly described Sinorhizobium saheli and Sinorhizobium teranga bv. sesbaniae, isolated from the roots of various Sesbania species. A collection of strains from both groups were analyzed for their symbiotic properties with different Sesbania species. S. saheli and S. teranga bv. sesbaniae strains were found to effectively stem nodulate Sesbania rostrata, showing that stem nodulation is not restricted to Azorhizobium. Sinorhizobia and azorhizobia, however, exhibited clear differences in other aspects of symbiosis. Unlike Azorhizobium, S. teranga bv. sesbaniae and S. saheli did not induce effective stem nodules on plants previously inoculated on the roots, although stem nodulation was arrested at different stages. For Sesbania rostrata root nodulation, Sinorhizobium appeared more sensitive than Azorhizobium to the presence of combined nitrogen. S. saheli and S. teranga bv. sesbaniae were effective symbionts with all Sesbania species tested, while Azorhizobium strains fixed nitrogen only in symbiosis with Sesbania rostrata. In a simple screening test, S. saheli and S. teranga bv. sesbaniae were incapable of asymbiotic nitrogenase activity. Thus, Azorhizobium can easily be distinguished from Sinorhizobium among Sesbania symbionts on the basis of symbiotic and free-living nitrogen fixation. The ability of Azorhizobium to overcome the systemic plant control appears to be a stem adaptation function. This last property, together with its host-specific symbiotic nitrogen fixation, makes Azorhizobium highly specialized for stem nodulation of the aquatic legume Sesbania rostrata.read more
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Methylotrophic Methylobacterium bacteria nodulate and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes.
Abdourahmane Sy,Eric Giraud,Philippe Jourand,Nelly Garcia,Anne Willems,Philippe de Lajudie,Yves Prin,Marc Neyra,Monique Gillis,Catherine Boivin-Masson,Bernard Dreyfus +10 more
TL;DR: The discovery of a fourth rhizobial branch involving bacteria of the Methylobacterium genus is reported, which is closely related to Bradyrhizobium NodA, suggesting that this gene was acquired by horizontal gene transfer.
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Symbiovars in rhizobia reflect bacterial adaptation to legumes.
TL;DR: Symbiotic variant (symbiovar) is proposed as a parallel term to pathovar in pathogenic bacteria, distinguished by the differences in host range and supported by symbiotic gene sequence information.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genome of the versatile nitrogen fixer Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571
Kyung-Bum Lee,Kyung-Bum Lee,Philippe De Backer,Philippe De Backer,Toshihiro Aono,Chi-Te Liu,Shino Suzuki,Tadahiro Suzuki,Takakazu Kaneko,Manabu Yamada,Satoshi Tabata,Doris M. Kupfer,Fares Z. Najar,Graham B. Wiley,Bruce A. Roe,Tim T. Binnewies,David W. Ussery,Wim D'Haeze,Jeroen Den Herder,Jeroen Den Herder,Dirk Gevers,Dirk Gevers,Dirk Gevers,Danny Vereecke,Danny Vereecke,Marcelle Holsters,Marcelle Holsters,Hiroshi Oyaizu +27 more
TL;DR: The genome analysis reveals that A. caulinodans is a diazotroph that acquired the capacity to nodulate most probably through horizontal gene transfer of a complex symbiosis island, which makes it an attractive organism to explore symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation beyond leguminous plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coevolution in Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis?
TL;DR: Novel results on symbiosis suggest a more complex evolutionary process for nodulation that may include multiple organisms, such as mycorrhiza, nematodes, and other bacteria in addition to rhizobia, which is indicative of the large capacity of Rhizobium to adapt to legumes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nodulation of Sesbania species by Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) strain IRBG74 and other rhizobia
Stephen Cummings,Prasad Gyaneshwar,Pablo Vinuesa,Frank T. Farruggia,Mitchell Andrews,David R. Humphry,Geoffrey N. Elliott,Andrew Nelson,Caroline Orr,Deborah Pettitt,Gopit R. Shah,Scott R. Santos,Hari B. Krishnan,David W. Odee,Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira,Janet I. Sprent,J. Peter W. Young,Euan K. James +17 more
TL;DR: Concatenated sequence analysis with 16S rRNA, rpoB and fusA genes identified a bacterial strain isolated from root nodules of the aquatic legume Sesbania cannabina as a close relative of the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens), suggesting that IRBG74 is potentially a new species.
References
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