Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.Abstract:
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US$33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, this must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reasons and options for integrating ecosystem services in strategic environmental assessment of spatial planning
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide insights on why it is important to promote ecosystem service-inclusive strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes, and how to do it, with particular emphasis on spatial planning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regional Farm Diversity Can Reduce Vulnerability of Food Production to Climate Change
Pytrik Reidsma,Frank Ewert +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between regional farm diversity and the effects of climate variability on regional wheat (Triticum spp.) productivity and found that the diversity in farm size and intensity, particularly high in Mediterranean regions, reduces vulnerability of regional wheat yields to climate variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the density of honeybee colonies across their natural range to fill the gap in pollinator decline censuses
Rodolfo Jaffé,Vincent Dietemann,Vincent Dietemann,Mike H. Allsopp,Cecilia Costa,Robin M. Crewe,Raffaele Dall’Olio,Pilar De la Rúa,Mogbel A. A. El-Niweiri,Ingemar Fries,Nikola Kezić,Michael S. Meusel,Robert J. Paxton,T. Shaibi,Eckart Stolle,Robin F. A. Moritz +15 more
TL;DR: Current densities of European honeybee populations are in the same range as those found in the adverse climatic conditions of the Kalahari and Saharan deserts, which suggests that beekeeping activities do not compensate for the loss of wild colonies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coral thermal tolerance: tuning gene expression to resist thermal stress.
Anthony J. Bellantuono,Camila Granados-Cifuentes,David J. Miller,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty +5 more
TL;DR: A transcriptomic signature underlying the tolerance associated with coral thermal history is revealed, and suggests that understanding the molecular mechanisms behind physiological acclimatization would be critical for the modeling of reefs in impending climate change scenarios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defining the limits of physiological plasticity: how gene expression can assess and predict the consequences of ocean change
TL;DR: This review highlights the application of high-throughput gene-expression profiling, primarily transcriptomics, to the field of marine conservation physiology and illustrates how gene expression can be used to standardize metrics of sub-lethal stress, track organism condition in natural environments and bypass phylogenetic barriers that hinder theApplication of other physiological techniques to conservation.
References
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Book
Using surveys to value public goods : the contingent valuation method
TL;DR: Mitchell and Carson as discussed by the authors argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods, an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems.
TL;DR: Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society.
Book
For The Common Good: Redirecting The Economy Towards Community, The Environment And A Sustainable Future
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the scale of human activity in the biosphere has grown too large and that change is needed in the approach to economic activity: "correction and expansion a more empirical and historical attitude less pretense on being science and willingness to subordinate the market to purposes that it is not geared to determine."
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary production required to sustain global fisheries
Daniel Pauly,Villy Christensen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean of reported annual world fisheries catches for 1988-1991 (94.3 million t) was split into 39 species groups, to which fractional trophic levels, ranging from 1.0 (edible algae) to 4.2 (tunas), were assigned, based on 48 published Trophic models, providing a global coverage of six major aquatic ecosystem types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Capital and Sustainable Development
Robert Costanza,Herman E. Daly +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of the total natural capital stock at or above the current level, to be relaxed only when solid evidence can be offered that it is safe to do so.