Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the global value of ecosystem services
Robert Costanza,Rudolph de Groot,Paul C. Sutton,Paul C. Sutton,Sander van der Ploeg,Sharolyn Anderson,Ida Kubiszewski,Stephen Farber,R. Kerry Turner +8 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors provided an updated estimate based on updated unit ecosystem service values and land use change estimates between 1997 and 2011, using the same methods as in the 1997 paper but with updated data, the estimate for the total global ecosystem services in 2011 is $125 trillion/yr (assuming updated unit values and changes to biome areas).Abstract:
In 1997, the global value of ecosystem services was estimated to average $33 trillion/yr in 1995 $US ($46 trillion/yr in 2007 $US). In this paper, we provide an updated estimate based on updated unit ecosystem service values and land use change estimates between 1997 and 2011. We also address some of the critiques of the 1997 paper. Using the same methods as in the 1997 paper but with updated data, the estimate for the total global ecosystem services in 2011 is $125 trillion/yr (assuming updated unit values and changes to biome areas) and $145 trillion/yr (assuming only unit values changed), both in 2007 $US. From this we estimated the loss of eco-services from 1997 to 2011 due to land use change at $4.3–20.2 trillion/yr, depending on which unit values are used. Global estimates expressed in monetary accounting units, such as this, are useful to highlight the magnitude of eco-services, but have no specific decision-making context. However, the underlying data and models can be applied at multiple scales to assess changes resulting from various scenarios and policies. We emphasize that valuation of eco-services (in whatever units) is not the same as commodification or privatization. Many eco-services are best considered public goods or common pool resources, so conventional markets are often not the best institutional frameworks to manage them. However, these services must be (and are being) valued, and we need new, common asset institutions to better take these values into account.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?
Robert Costanza,Rudolph de Groot,Leon Braat,Ida Kubiszewski,Lorenzo Fioramonti,Paul C. Sutton,Stephen Farber,Monica Grasso +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace the history leading up to these publications and the subsequent debates, research, institutions, policies, on-the-ground actions, and controversies they triggered.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global boom in hydropower dam construction
Christiane Zarfl,Christiane Zarfl,Alexander E. Lumsdon,Alexander E. Lumsdon,Jürgen Berlekamp,Laura Tydecks,Klement Tockner,Klement Tockner +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, major new initiatives in hydropower development are now under way, and at least 3,700 major dams, each with a capacity of more than 1MW, are either planned or under construction, primarily in countries with emerging economies.
Journal ArticleDOI
How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area
TL;DR: It is found that the reported long-term loss of natural wetlands averages between 54–57% but loss may have been as high as 87% since 1700 AD, and there has been a much faster rate of wetland loss during the 20th and early 21st centuries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation
Oscar Venter,Oscar Venter,Oscar Venter,Eric W. Sanderson,Ainhoa Magrach,Ainhoa Magrach,James Allan,Jutta Beher,Kendall R. Jones,Hugh P. Possingham,Hugh P. Possingham,William F. Laurance,Peter Wood,Balázs M. Fekete,Marc A. Levy,James E. M. Watson,James E. M. Watson +16 more
TL;DR: This work uses recently available data on infrastructure, land cover and human access into natural areas to construct a globally standardized measure of the cumulative human footprint on the terrestrial environment at 1 km2 resolution from 1993 to 2009.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests
Jingjing Liang,Thomas W. Crowther,Nicolas Picard,Susan K. Wiser,Mo Zhou,Giorgio Alberti,Ernst Detlef Schulze,A. David McGuire,Fabio Bozzato,Hans Pretzsch,Sergio de-Miguel,Alain Paquette,Bruno Hérault,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Christopher B. Barrett,Henry B. Glick,Geerten M. Hengeveld,Gert-Jan Nabuurs,Sebastian Pfautsch,Helder Viana,Helder Viana,Alexander Christian Vibrans,Christian Ammer,Peter Schall,David David Verbyla,N. M. Tchebakova,Markus Fischer,James V. Watson,Han Y. H. Chen,Xiangdong Lei,Mart-Jan Schelhaas,Huicui Lu,Damiano Gianelle,Elena I. Parfenova,Christian Salas,Eungul Lee,Boknam Lee,Hyun-Seok Kim,Helge Bruelheide,David A. Coomes,Daniel Piotto,Terry Sunderland,Terry Sunderland,Bernhard Schmid,Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury,Bonaventure Sonké,Rebecca Tavani,Jun Zhu,Susanne Brandl,Jordi Vayreda,Fumiaki Kitahara,Eric B. Searle,Victor J. Neldner,Michael R. Ngugi,Christopher Baraloto,Christopher Baraloto,Lorenzo Frizzera,Radomir Bałazy,Jacek Oleksyn,Jacek Oleksyn,Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki,Olivier Bouriaud,Filippo Bussotti,Leena Finér,Bogdan Jaroszewicz,Tommaso Jucker,Fernando Valladares,Fernando Valladares,Andrzej M. Jagodziński,Pablo Luis Peri,Pablo Luis Peri,Pablo Luis Peri,Christelle Gonmadje,William Marthy,Timothy G. O'Brien,Emanuel H. Martin,Andrew R. Marshall,Francesco Rovero,Robert Bitariho,Pascal A. Niklaus,Patricia Alvarez-Loayza,Nurdin Chamuya,Renato Valencia,Frédéric Mortier,Verginia Wortel,Nestor L. Engone-Obiang,Leandro Valle Ferreira,David E. Odeke,R. Vásquez,Simon L. Lewis,Simon L. Lewis,Peter B. Reich,Peter B. Reich +92 more
TL;DR: A consistent positive concave-down effect of biodiversity on forest productivity across the world is revealed, showing that a continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.
Book
Thinking, Fast and Slow
TL;DR: Buku terlaris New York Times and The Economist tahun 2012 as mentioned in this paper, and dipilih oleh The NewYork Times Book Review sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh buku terbaik tahune 2011, Berpikir, Cepat and Lambat ditakdirkan menjadi klasik.
Journal ArticleDOI
A safe operating space for humanity
Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Kevin J. Noone,Åsa Persson,Åsa Persson,F. Stuart Chapin,Eric F. Lambin,Timothy M. Lenton,Marten Scheffer,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Björn Nykvist,Björn Nykvist,Cynthia A. de Wit,Terry P. Hughes,Sander van der Leeuw,Henning Rodhe,Sverker Sörlin,Sverker Sörlin,Peter K. Snyder,Robert Costanza,Robert Costanza,Uno Svedin,Malin Falkenmark,Malin Falkenmark,Louise Karlberg,Louise Karlberg,Robert W. Corell,Victoria J. Fabry,James Hansen,Brian Walker,Brian Walker,Diana Liverman,Diana Liverman,Katherine Richardson,Paul J. Crutzen,Jonathan A. Foley +40 more
TL;DR: Identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries that must not be transgressed could help prevent human activities from causing unacceptable environmental change, argue Johan Rockstrom and colleagues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems.
TL;DR: Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society.