Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.Abstract:
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US$33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, this must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Global Pollination Benefit
Sven Lautenbach,Sven Lautenbach,Ralf Seppelt,Juliane Liebscher,Juliane Liebscher,Carsten F. Dormann,Carsten F. Dormann +6 more
TL;DR: Using detailed information on global crop yields of 60 pollination dependent or profiting crops, a map of pollination benefits on a 5′ by 5′ latitude-longitude grid is provided to guide political decisions on where to protect pollination services by investing in structural diversity of land use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developing success criteria and goals for evaluating oyster reef restoration: Ecological function or resource exploitation?
Loren D. Coen,Mark W. Luckenbach +1 more
TL;DR: Habitat restoration encompasses a broad range of activities, emphasizing very different issues, goals, and approaches depending on the operational definition of ‘restoration’ as mentioned in this paper, which is particularly true for many shellfish (molluscan) dominated systems (e.g. oyster reefs, mussel beds, vermetid gastropod reefs).
Journal ArticleDOI
The Gray Zone: relationships between habitat loss and marine diversity and their applications in conservation
TL;DR: The multiple ways habitat loss affects marine species diversity are explored, and a conceptual model is proposed that identifies the main interactions and feedbacks between these processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actinomycetes for Marine Drug Discovery Isolated from Mangrove Soils and Plants in China
Kui Hong,An Hui Gao,Qing Yi Xie,Hao Gao,Ling Zhuang,Hai Peng Lin,Hai Ping Yu,Jia Li,Xin Sheng Yao,Michael Goodfellow,Ji Sheng Ruan +10 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that actinomycetes isolated from mangrove habitats are a potentially rich source for the discovery of anti-infection and anti-tumor compounds, and of agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of urban ecosystem services: six key challenges for future research
Christopher Luederitz,Christopher Luederitz,Ebba Brink,Fabienne Gralla,Verena Hermelingmeier,Moritz Meyer,Lisa Niven,Lars Panzer,Stefan Partelow,Stefan Partelow,Anna-Lena Rau,Ryuei Sasaki,David J. Abson,Daniel J. Lang,Christine Wamsler,Henrik von Wehrden,Henrik von Wehrden +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a systematic review of urban ecosystem services research, which addresses the combined domain of ecosystem services and urban development, and highlight six challenges aimed at strengthening the concept's potential to facilitate meaningful inter-and transdisciplinary work for ecosystem services.
References
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Book
Using surveys to value public goods : the contingent valuation method
TL;DR: Mitchell and Carson as discussed by the authors argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods, an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems.
TL;DR: Nature's Services brings together world-renowned scientists from a variety of disciplines to examine the character and value of ecosystem services, the damage that has been done to them, and the consequent implications for human society.
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For The Common Good: Redirecting The Economy Towards Community, The Environment And A Sustainable Future
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the scale of human activity in the biosphere has grown too large and that change is needed in the approach to economic activity: "correction and expansion a more empirical and historical attitude less pretense on being science and willingness to subordinate the market to purposes that it is not geared to determine."
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary production required to sustain global fisheries
Daniel Pauly,Villy Christensen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean of reported annual world fisheries catches for 1988-1991 (94.3 million t) was split into 39 species groups, to which fractional trophic levels, ranging from 1.0 (edible algae) to 4.2 (tunas), were assigned, based on 48 published Trophic models, providing a global coverage of six major aquatic ecosystem types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Capital and Sustainable Development
Robert Costanza,Herman E. Daly +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of the total natural capital stock at or above the current level, to be relaxed only when solid evidence can be offered that it is safe to do so.