Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.Abstract:
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US$33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, this must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrient Cycling by Animals in Freshwater Ecosystems
TL;DR: This work has shown that nutrient translocation by relatively large animals may be particularly important for stimulating new primary production and for increasing nutrient standing stocks in recipient habitats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems
TL;DR: In this paper, the primary production, respiration, calcification, carbon burial and exchange with adjacent systems, including the atmosphere, are reviewed for the major coastal ecosystems (estuaries, macrophyte communities, mangroves, coral reefs, and the remaining continental shelf).
Journal ArticleDOI
Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure:
TL;DR: A new qualitative method for building conceptual frameworks for phenomena that are linked to multidisciplinary bodies of knowledge based on grounded theory method and redefines the key terms of concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual framework analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
A mid-term analysis of progress toward international biodiversity targets
Derek P. Tittensor,Derek P. Tittensor,Matt Walpole,Samantha L. L. Hill,Daniel G. Boyce,Daniel G. Boyce,Gregory L. Britten,Neil D. Burgess,Neil D. Burgess,Stuart H. M. Butchart,Paul Leadley,Eugenie Regan,Rob Alkemade,Roswitha Baumung,Céline Bellard,Lex Bouwman,Lex Bouwman,Nadine Bowles-Newark,Anna M. Chenery,William W. L. Cheung,Villy Christensen,H. David Cooper,Annabel R. Crowther,Matthew J. R. Dixon,Alessandro Galli,Valérie Gaveau,Richard D. Gregory,Nicolás L. Gutiérrez,Tim Hirsch,Robert Höft,Stephanie R. Januchowski-Hartley,Marion Karmann,Cornelia B. Krug,Fiona Leverington,Jonathan Loh,Rik Kutsch Lojenga,Kelly Malsch,Alexandra Marques,David H. W. Morgan,Peter J. Mumby,Tim Newbold,Kieran Noonan-Mooney,Shyama Pagad,Bradley C. Parks,Henrique M. Pereira,Tim Robertson,Carlo Rondinini,Luca Santini,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Jörn P. W. Scharlemann,Stefan Schindler,Stefan Schindler,U. Rashid Sumaila,Louise S. L. Teh,Jennifer van Kolck,Piero Visconti,Yimin Ye +56 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive mid-term assessment of progress toward 20 biodiversity-related “Aichi Targets” to be achieved within a decade is provided using 55 indicator data sets and pinpoints the problems and areas that will need the most attention in the next few years.
Journal ArticleDOI
The value of wetlands: importance of scale and landscape setting.
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that a range of 3-7% of temperate zone watersheds should be in wetlands to provide adequate flood control and water quality values for the landscape.
References
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Book
Using surveys to value public goods : the contingent valuation method
TL;DR: Mitchell and Carson as discussed by the authors argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods, an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the scale of human activity in the biosphere has grown too large and that change is needed in the approach to economic activity: "correction and expansion a more empirical and historical attitude less pretense on being science and willingness to subordinate the market to purposes that it is not geared to determine."
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary production required to sustain global fisheries
Daniel Pauly,Villy Christensen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean of reported annual world fisheries catches for 1988-1991 (94.3 million t) was split into 39 species groups, to which fractional trophic levels, ranging from 1.0 (edible algae) to 4.2 (tunas), were assigned, based on 48 published Trophic models, providing a global coverage of six major aquatic ecosystem types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural Capital and Sustainable Development
Robert Costanza,Herman E. Daly +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of the total natural capital stock at or above the current level, to be relaxed only when solid evidence can be offered that it is safe to do so.