Water Footprinting: How to Address Water Use in Life Cycle Assessment?
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TLDR
An overview of a broad range of methods developed to enable accounting and impact assessment of water use can be found in this article, where a critical review revealed that methodological scopes differ regarding types of water usage accounted for, inclusion of local water scarcity, as well as differentiation between watercourses and quality aspects.Abstract:
As freshwater is a vital yet often scarce resource, the life cycle assessment community has put great efforts in method development to properly address water use. The International Organization for Standardization has recently even launched a project aiming at creating an international standard for ‘water footprinting’. This paper provides an overview of a broad range of methods developed to enable accounting and impact assessment of water use. The critical review revealed that methodological scopes differ regarding types of water use accounted for, inclusion of local water scarcity, as well as differentiation between watercourses and quality aspects. As the application of the most advanced methods requires high resolution inventory data, the trade-off between ‘precision’ and ‘applicability’ needs to be addressed in future studies and in the new international standard.read more
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Review of methods addressing freshwater use in life cycle inventory and impact assessment
Anna Kounina,Anna Kounina,Manuele Margni,Manuele Margni,Jean-Baptiste Bayart,Anne-Marie Boulay,Markus Berger,Cécile Bulle,Rolf Frischknecht,Annette Koehler,Annette Koehler,Llorenç Milà i Canals,Masaharu Motoshita,Montserrat Núñez,Gregory Peters,Stephan Pfister,Stephan Pfister,Bradley G. Ridoutt,Rosalie van Zelm,Francesca Verones,Sebastien Humbert +20 more
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References
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Climate-Driven Increases in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 1982 to 1999
Ramakrishna R. Nemani,Charles D. Keeling,Hirofumi Hashimoto,Hirofumi Hashimoto,William M. Jolly,Stephen C. Piper,Compton J. Tucker,Ranga B. Myneni,Steven W. Running +8 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that global changes in climate have eased several critical climatic constraints to plant growth, such that net primary production increased 6% (3.4 petagrams of carbon over 18 years) globally.
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TL;DR: The Bachelor of Science in Sustainability as discussed by the authors provides the broad fundamental knowledge, skills and competencies needed to drive sustainable outcomes that address today's urgent environmental, economic and social challenges.
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Assessing the environmental impacts of freshwater consumption in LCA
TL;DR: The presented method is useful for environmental decision-support in the production of water-intensive products as well as for environmentally responsible value-chain management.