Water‐soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia 1. Characterization by NMR and GC‐MS
Bim Graham,Olga L. Mayol-Bracero,Pascal Guyon,Gregory Roberts,Stefano Decesari,M.Cristina Facchini,Paulo Artaxo,Willy Maenhaut,Peter Köll,Meinrat O. Andreae +9 more
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TLDR
In this paper, water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) within the samples were characterized using a combination of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for chemical functional group analysis and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and quantification of individual low-molecular-weight compounds.Abstract:
[1] As part of the European contribution to the Large-Scale Atmosphere-Biosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH), aerosols were sampled at representative pasture and primary rainforest sites in Rondonia, Brazil, during the 1999 “burning season” and dry-to-wet season transition (September-October). Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) within the samples were characterized using a combination of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for chemical functional group analysis, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and quantification of individual low-molecular-weight compounds. The 1H NMR analysis indicates that WSOCs are predominantly aliphatic or oxygenated aliphatic compounds (alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc.), with a minor content of aromatic rings carrying carboxylic and phenolic groups. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucose), a well-known cellulose combustion product, was the most abundant individual compound identified by GC-MS (0.04–6.90 μg m−3), accounting for 1–6% of the total carbon (TC) and 2–8% of the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Other anhydrosugars, produced by hemicellulose breakdown, were detected in much smaller amounts, in addition to series of acids, hydroxyacids, oxoacids, and polyalcohols (altogether 2–5% of TC, 3–6% of WSOC). Most correlated well with organic carbon, black carbon, and potassium, indicating biomass burning to be the major source. A series of sugar alcohols (mannitol, arabitol, erythritol) and sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose) were identified as part of the natural background aerosol and are probably derived from airborne microbes and other biogenic material. The bulk of the WSOCs (86–91% WSOC) eluded analysis by GC-MS and may be predominantly high-molecular weight in nature.read more
Citations
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Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning
Meinrat O. Andreae,P. Merlet +1 more
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Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects.
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge, major open questions, and research perspectives on the properties and interactions of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on climate and human health are outlined.
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Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols Through Photooxidation of Isoprene
Magda Claeys,Bim Graham,Gyorgy Vas,Wu Wang,Reinhilde Vermeylen,V. A. Pashynska,Jan Cafmeyer,Pascal Guyon,Meinrat O. Andreae,Paulo Artaxo,Willy Maenhaut +10 more
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Aerosol cloud precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols
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A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles
Jeffrey S. Reid,Thomas F. Eck,Sundar A. Christopher,Ralf Koppmann,Oleg Dubovik,Daniel P. Eleuterio,Brent N. Holben,Elizabeth A. Reid,Jianglong Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review and discuss the literature concerning the measurement of smoke particle size, chemistry, thermodynamic properties, and emission factors, and show that very large differences in measured particle properties have appeared in the literature, in particular with regards to particle carbon budgets.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning
Meinrat O. Andreae,P. Merlet +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of emission factors for a large variety of species emitted from biomass fires, where data were not available, they have proposed estimates based on appropriate extrapolation techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles
TL;DR: Widespread burning of biomass serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses, but it may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen.
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Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to Particulate Diesel Exhaust
M. E. Birch,R. A. Cary +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a thermal-optical technique for analysis of the carbonaceous fraction of particulate diesel exhaust is reported, and the speciation of organic and elemental carbon is accomplished through temperature and atmosphere control, and by an optical feature that corrects for pyrolytically generated carbon.
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Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry
TL;DR: In this article, two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles
Bernd R.T. Simoneit,Bernd R.T. Simoneit,James J. Schauer,Christopher G. Nolte,Daniel R. Oros,Vladimir O. Elias,Matthew P. Fraser,Wolfgang F. Rogge,Glen R. Cass +8 more
TL;DR: The major organic components of smoke particles from biomass burning are monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose, accompanied by generally lesser amounts of straight-chain, aliphatic and oxygenated compounds and terpenoids from vegetation waxes, resins/gums, and other biopolymers.
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