Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry
TLDR
In this article, two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.Abstract:
Atmospheric aerosols play important roles in climate and atmospheric chemistry: They scatter sunlight, provide condensation nuclei for cloud droplets, and participate in heterogeneous chemical reactions. Two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change. Reactions in and on sea-salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues
Mattias Hallquist,John C. Wenger,Urs Baltensperger,Yinon Rudich,David Simpson,David Simpson,Magda Claeys,J. Dommen,Neil M. Donahue,Christian George,Christian George,Allen H. Goldstein,Jacqueline F. Hamilton,Hartmut Herrmann,Thorsten Hoffmann,Yoshiteru Iinuma,Myoseon Jang,Michael E. Jenkin,Jose L. Jimenez,Astrid Kiendler-Scharr,Willy Maenhaut,Gordon McFiggans,Th. F. Mentel,Anne Monod,André S. H. Prévôt,John H. Seinfeld,Jason D. Surratt,Rafal Szmigielski,Jürgen Wildt +28 more
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors, gas-particle partitioning theory and analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon
TL;DR: The second most important contribution to anthropogenic climate warming, after carbon dioxide emissions, was made by black carbon emissions as mentioned in this paper, which is an efficient absorbing agent of solar irradiation that is preferentially emitted in the tropics and can form atmospheric brown clouds in mixture with other aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review
Maria Kanakidou,John H. Seinfeld,Spyros N. Pandis,Ian Barnes,Frank Dentener,Maria Cristina Facchini,R. Van Dingenen,Barbara Ervens,Athanasios Nenes,Claus J. Nielsen,Erik Swietlicki,J. P. Putaud,Yves Balkanski,Sandro Fuzzi,J. Horth,Geert K. Moortgat,R. Winterhalter,Cathrine Lund Myhre,Kostas Tsigaridis,Elisabetta Vignati,Euripides G. Stephanou,J. Wilson +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed existing knowledge with regard to organic aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defined critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties, and synthesized the information to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosols.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions
Alex Guenther,C. Nicholas Hewitt,David J. Erickson,Ray Fall,Chris Geron,Thomas E. Graedel,Peter Harley,Lee Klinger,Manuel T. Lerdau,W. A. Mckay,Tom Pierce,Bob Scholes,Rainer Steinbrecher,Raja Tallamraju,John Taylor,Patrick R. Zimmerman +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC), which has a highly resolved spatial grid and generates hourly average emission estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate
TL;DR: The major source of cloud-condensation nuclei (CCN) over the oceans appears to be dimethylsulphide, which is produced by planktonic algae in sea water and oxidizes in the atmosphere to form a sulphate aerosol as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols
Robert J. Charlson,Stephen E. Schwartz,J. M. Hales,Robert D. Cess,James A. Coakley,James Hansen,D. J. Hofmann +6 more
TL;DR: The aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree, however, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation.
Book ChapterDOI
Air-Sea Gas Exchange Rates: Introduction and Synthesis
Peter S. Liss,Liliane Merlivat +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the basic equations governing air-sea gas exchange are given, then a review of some models proposed to describe the gas transfer process is given, and experimental approaches through both laboratory (principally using wind/water tunnels) and field measurements are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiative forcing of climate change
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the current understanding of mechanisms that are, or may be, acting to cause climate change over the past century, with an emphasis on those due to human activity, and discussed the general level of confidence in these estimates and areas of remaining uncertainty.
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