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Furthermore, this study revealed that the combustion was the most important contributor to the system inefficiency, and almost all performance parameters increased with increasing engine speed.
This limits the applicability of this combustion concept up to medium engine loads.
New combustion engine concepts can be co-developed with new fuels and will lead to further reductions in energy consumption.
The results show that there always exists an optimized combustion phasing for best engine thermal efficiency.
Thus, an engine operating on lean-burn natural gas−hydrogen combustion is favorable for getting higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions.
This data begins to build the design space required for future engine designs that may use these novel, compact, high-g combustion systems.
The thermodynamic results show that the combustion process can be optimized to an ideal engine cycle.
The combustion characteristics of the fuels for advanced combustion engines are well represented and the present models are well suited for practical engine computations.
The results have shown that this combustion system allows satisfactory operation of the engine with a wide range of methane content in the supplied coal-bed gas.
The findings highlight the fact that to create a roadmap for future directions in internal combustion engine technologies, it is important to not only compare the absolute real-world efficiency of a given combustion strategy but also to examine the measured efficiency in context of what is thermodynamically possible with the working fluid and boundary conditions prescribed by a strategy.

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