Showing papers on "Broadband networks published in 2013"

Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!

Abstract: The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless carriers has motivated the exploration of the underutilized millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks. There is, however, little knowledge about cellular mm-wave propagation in densely populated indoor and outdoor environments. Obtaining this information is vital for the design and operation of future fifth generation cellular networks that use the mm-wave spectrum. In this paper, we present the motivation for new mm-wave cellular systems, methodology, and hardware for measurements and offer a variety of measurement results that show 28 and 38 GHz frequencies can be used when employing steerable directional antennas at base stations and mobile devices.

Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer for Broadband Wireless Systems

Abstract: Far-field microwave power transfer (MPT) will free wireless sensors and other mobile devices from the constraints imposed by finite battery capacities. Integrating MPT with wireless communications to support simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) allows the same spectrum to be used for dual purposes without compromising the quality of service. A novel approach is presented in this paper for realizing SWIPT in a broadband system where orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and transmit beamforming are deployed to create a set of parallel sub-channels for SWIPT, which simplifies resource allocation. Based on a proposed reconfigurable mobile architecture, different system configurations are considered by combining single-user/multi-user systems, downlink/uplink information transfer, and variable/fixed coding rates. Optimizing the power control for these configurations results in a new class of multi-user power-control problems featuring the circuit-power constraints, specifying that the transferred power must be sufficiently large to support the operation of the receiver circuitry. Solving these problems gives a set of power-control algorithms that exploit channel diversity in frequency for simultaneously enhancing the throughput and the MPT efficiency. For the system configurations with variable coding rates, the algorithms are variants of water-filling that account for the circuit-power constraints. The optimal algorithms for those configurations with fixed coding rates are shown to sequentially allocate mobiles their required power for decoding in ascending order until the entire budgeted power is spent. The required power for a mobile is derived as simple functions of the minimum signal-to-noise ratio for correct decoding, the circuit power and sub-channel gains.

A Survey on OFDM-Based Elastic Core Optical Networking

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technology that has been widely adopted in many new and emerging broadband wireless and wireline communication systems. Due to its capability to transmit a high-speed data stream using multiple spectral-overlapped lower-speed subcarriers, OFDM technology offers superior advantages of high spectrum efficiency, robustness against inter-carrier and inter-symbol interference, adaptability to server channel conditions, etc. In recent years, there have been intensive studies on optical OFDM (O-OFDM) transmission technologies, and it is considered a promising technology for future ultra-high-speed optical transmission. Based on O-OFDM technology, a novel elastic optical network architecture with immense flexibility and scalability in spectrum allocation and data rate accommodation could be built to support diverse services and the rapid growth of Internet traffic in the future. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on OFDM-based elastic optical network technologies, including basic principles of OFDM, O-OFDM technologies, the architectures of OFDM-based elastic core optical networks, and related key enabling technologies. The main advantages and issues of OFDM-based elastic core optical networks that are under research are also discussed.

LTE release 12 and beyond [Accepted From Open Call]

Abstract: As the specification of Release 11 of the LTE standards is approaching its completion, 3GPP is gradually moving its focus toward the next major step in the evolution of LTE. The drivers of the LTE evolution include the increasing demand for mobile broadband services and traffic volumes as well as emerging usage scenarios involving short-range and machine-type communications. In this article we provide an overview of the key technology areas/components that are currently considered by 3GPP for Rel-12, including support for further enhanced local area access by tight interaction between the wide area and local area layers, signaling solutions for wireless local area network integration, multi-antenna enhancements, improved support for massive MTC, and direct device-to-device communications.

LTE for public safety networks

Abstract: It is increasingly being recognized that effective communications are key to a successful response to emergency and disaster situations. The ability of the first responder emergency services to communicate among themselves and to share multimedia information directly affects the ability to save lives. This is reflected in increasing public investment in broadband public safety communication systems. These systems have some specific requirements, which are outlined in this article. As LTE is expected to become the most widely deployed broadband communication technology, we examine the capability of LTE to meet these requirements, and identify possible future developments to LTE that could further enhance its ability to provide the necessary service.

Community contribution award -- Measuring and mitigating web performance bottlenecks in broadband access networks

Abstract: We measure Web performance bottlenecks in home broadband access networks and evaluate ways to mitigate these bottlenecks with caching within home networks. We first measure Web performance bottlenecks to nine popular Web sites from more than 5,000 broadband access networks and demonstrate that when the downstream throughput of the access link exceeds about 16 Mbits/s, latency is the main bottleneck for Web page load time. Next, we use a router-based Web measurement tool, Mirage, to deconstruct Web page load time into its constituent components (DNS lookup, TCP connection setup, object download) and show that simple latency optimizations can yield significant improvements in overall page load times. We then present a case for placing a cache in the home network and deploy three common optimizations: DNS caching, TCP connection caching, and content caching. We show that caching only DNS and TCP connections yields significant improvements in page load time, even when the user's browser is already performing similar independent optimizations. Finally, we use traces from real homes to demonstrate how prefetching DNS and TCP connections for popular sites in a home-router cache can achieve faster page load times.

System and method for providing improved quality of service over broadband networks

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for quality of service over broadband networks. A network device performs a probe transaction over a tunnel of a broadband network. Based on the probe transaction, parameters are determined reflecting tunnel performance, and, based on the parameters, target transmit and receive rates are determined for data communications over the tunnel. Based on the target transmit and receive rates, data communications to and from a first node of the network are regulated. When the tunnel comprises a peered tunnel, the regulation of received data communications comprises performing a set rate transaction with a peer second node of the network (the set rate transaction establishes a rate for data transmitted over the tunnel by the peer second node to the first node). When the tunnel comprises a peerless tunnel, the regulation of received data communications comprises shaping data traffic received by the first node over the tunnel.

Methods and systems of an all purpose broadband network

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a large-scale broadband wireless network capable of providing a very high wireless data capacity. The broadband wireless network may combine proven leading edge commercial wireless design and architecture methodologies with advanced RF technologies to substantially improve spectrum efficiency, spectrum usage, and data performance, including beam forming, optimization servers, beam forming operations, locating and tracking user equipment, data transmission and reception control, reduction of inter-cell interference, delivery of real-time services, conserving back-haul, integration of a sensor platform, capability for implementing a dual-use network, data rate priority usage, usage-data reporting, mobile base-station replacement, and active hot standby redundancy.

Peeking behind the NAT: an empirical study of home networks

Abstract: We present the first empirical study of home network availability, infrastructure, and usage, using data collected from home networks around the world. In each home, we deploy a router with custom firmware to collect information about the availability of home broadband network connectivity, the home network infrastructure (including the wireless connectivity in each home network and the number of devices connected to the network), and how people in each home network use the network. Downtime is more frequent and longer in developing countries---sometimes due to the network, and in other cases because they simply turn their home router off. We also find that some portions of the wireless spectrum are extremely crowded, that diurnal patterns are more pronounced during the week, and that most traffic in home networks is exchanged over a few connections to a small number of domains. Our study is both a preliminary view into many home networks and an illustration of how measurements from a home router can yield significant information about home networks.

Measuring broadband performance in South Africa

Abstract: Broadband penetration is increasing in South Africa, particularly on mobile devices, but little is known about the performance of fixed or mobile broadband in the country. This lack of empirical data imposes significant limitations to innovation, because broadband performance metrics help users audit their connectivity costs and regulators to make informed decisions about policies and infrastructure investments. We present the results from a measurement study of both fixed and mobile broadband connections in South Africa. We use measurement software that we implemented on mobile phones and home routers and adapted to address challenges that are unique to the developing world. Our findings suggest that consumers in South Africa are not getting advertised speeds, that mobile broadband generally has higher throughput than fixed broadband, and that interconnection between ISPs (or lack thereof) plays a significant role in determining the reliability and performance that users ultimately receive. Often, high latencies to destinations introduce significant performance bottlenecks, suggesting that, in addition to investments in higher throughput links, effort should be devoted to improving interconnection between ISPs and locating content closer to users. Our study, along with our open source technical platform, embodies an archetypal method for monitoring broadband performance in developing countries.

Competition enhancing regulation and diffusion of innovation: the case of broadband networks

Abstract: Regulating former telecommunications monopolies has often been legally and technically complex. Among other options, incumbent operators were mandated to share, sell or split their infrastructure thus encouraging market entry. Given the importance of broadband technologies, competitive access has become a policy priority. We use data from 167 broadband markets over a period of 11 years. Firm and intra-platform competition on the incumbent’s legacy network (Digital Subscriber Line) accelerate adoption of broadband, whereas competition over different access technologies does not. The duration of the different regulatory effects shows that simpler network changes have a long-lasting yet delayed effect compared to technically demanding ones.

Local Mobility Management for Networked Femtocells Based on X2 Traffic Forwarding

Abstract: The femtocell is becoming a promising solution to face the explosive growth of mobile broadband usage in cellular networks. Although each femtocell only covers a small area, a massive deployment is expected to form networked femtocells in the near future. One immediate challenge is to provide seamless mobility support for networked femtocells with minimal support from mobile core networks. In this paper, we propose efficient local mobility management schemes for networked femtocells based on X2 traffic forwarding under the Third-Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution Advanced (3GPP LTE-A) framework. Instead of implementing the path switch operation at core network entity for each handover, a local traffic forwarding chain is constructed to use the existing Internet backhaul and the local path between the local anchor femtocell and the target femtocell for ongoing session communications. Both analytical studies and simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed schemes and compare them with the original 3GPP scheme. The results indicate that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce the signaling cost and relieve the processing burden of mobile core networks with the reasonable distributed cost for local traffic forwarding. In addition, the proposed schemes can enable fast session recovery to adapt to the self-deployment nature of the femtocells.

Locating and tracking user equipment in the RF beam areas of an LTE wireless system employing agile beam forming techniques

Abstract: In embodiments of the present disclosure improved capabilities are described for increasing the bandwidth in a large area broadband network, where a scheduler facility, in association with a cellular LTE base transceiver station utilizing an agile beam forming antenna system, schedules communications between the LTE base transceiver station and mobile transceiver devices, wherein the scheduler facility schedules communications with a target mobile transceiver device to take place in one of the m times N RF beams of the agile beam forming antenna system based on a location determination of the target mobile transceiver device within the cell coverage area determined through a location determination algorithm that utilizes at least one of a channel quality indicator (CQI) measurement and a sounding reference signal (SRS) measurement collected through a communicative interaction between the cellular LTE base transceiver station and the target mobile transceiver device.

A Novel Analog Photonic Method for Broadband Multipath Interference Cancellation

Abstract: A novel analog optical technique for multipath interference cancellation of broadband signals is proposed. Multiple optical compensation branches are utilized to replicate wireless multipath channel effects. The duplicated signal is subtracted from the total received signal to recover the signal of interest while suppressing interference. The proposed architecture achieved 40 dB of cancellation over 200 MHz and 50 dB over 10 MHz. The depth and broadband nature of the cancellation demonstrates the precision of optical components and the validity of our interference cancellation scheme.

Proximity-Based Data Offloading via Network Assisted Device-to-Device Communications

Abstract: Analysts predict explosive growth in traffic demand on mobile broadband systems over the coming years due to the popularity of streaming video, gaming, and other social media services. While 4G wireless technologies are making a significant effort to keep up with this demand, the expectation is that cellular deployments will fall short of the required capacity unless there is a dramatic shift towards smaller cells. There is already significant interest in femto- and pico-cell deployments for this reason. However, there is another method of creating small cells that the wireless industry has yet to capitalize on, namely direct connectivity between clients in close proximity. 3GPP is currently working to enable device-to-device (D2D) communications within Release 12 of LTE-Advanced. By comparison, IEEE has already defined a D2D communications protocol, termed WiFi Direct, which is based on the 802.11 standards. WiFi Direct not only serves to offload user data onto direct links, but does so using the unlicensed bands. To benefit users further, WiFi Direct can be enhanced by enabling the LTE network to assist during peer discovery and direct connection establishment. In this paper, we discuss the network/client requirements and performance benefits of network-assisted WiFi Direct. We assume that clients are continuously under management by the LTE network, which assists them with service/peer discovery and direct connection establishment. We show that network-assisted WiFi Direct can significantly improve the performance of proximal applications and reduce the power consumed by the clients involved, while also improving capacity of the LTE network.

AeroMACS: A new perspective for mobile airport communications and services

Abstract: Broadband wireless technologies are becoming more and more pervasive in several fields of application to supply new services and to satisfy operational constraints. Among them, this article deals with the use of WiMAX technology in future air traffic management system. This technology is expected to increase the safety and to allow the exchange of large volumes of data among heterogeneous users, including aircraft. In particular, Eurocontrol and ICAO identified a WiMAX-based technology for communications on the airport surface, named Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (Aero- MACS). The scope of this article is to provide an overview of AeroMACS, with a description of its main features, requirements, PHY and MAC profile choices, and related network architecture. Finally, the article highlights some open issues for AeroMACS that represent critical aspects and require, at this time, additional investigation.

Integrated V2G, G2V, and Renewable Energy Sources Coordination Over a Converged Fiber-Wireless Broadband Access Network

Abstract: In this paper, an integrated vehicle-to-grid, grid-to-vehicle, and renewable energy sources (IntVGR) coordination algorithm is proposed. The focus of this work is to provide a multidisciplinary study on implementing the proposed IntVGR scheme over a broadband fiber-wireless communications infrastructure by co-simulating both power and communications perspectives. For the power systems perspective, results show that the scheme is able to achieve a 21% reduction in peak demand compared to uncontrolled charging, and a better performance in flattening the overall demand profile and maintaining network constraints in comparison to a benchmark scenario. The scheme has also been demonstrated to successfully coordinate PEVs to take maximum utilization of local renewable energy. For the communications perspective, the measured upstream traffic for executing the proposed IntVGR scheme on a residential area of 342 households is found to be 1-2 Mbps with an end-to-end latency level of 1 ms. The scheme has also been validated from both perspectives in a sensitivity analysis with a higher PEV adoption rate.

Proxy-Based Multi-Stream Scalable Video Adaptation Over Wireless Networks Using Subjective Quality and Rate Models

Abstract: Despite growing maturity in broadband mobile networks, wireless video streaming remains a challenging task, especially in highly dynamic environments. Rapidly changing wireless link qualities, highly variable round trip delays, and unpredictable traffic contention patterns often hamper the performance of conventional end-to-end rate adaptation techniques such as TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC). Furthermore, existing approaches tend to treat all flows leaving the network edge equally, without accounting for heterogeneity in the underlying wireless link qualities or the different rate utilities of the video streams. In this paper, we present a proxy-based solution for adapting the scalable video streams at the edge of a wireless network, which can respond quickly to highly dynamic wireless links. Our design adopts the recently standardized scalable video coding (SVC) technique for lightweight rate adaptation at the edge. Leveraging previously developed rate and quality models of scalable video with both temporal and amplitude scalability, we derive the rate-quality model that relates the maximum quality under a given rate by choosing the optimal frame rate and quantization stepsize. The proxy iteratively allocates rates of different video streams to maximize a weighted sum of video qualities associated with different streams, based on the periodically observed link throughputs and the sending buffer status. The temporal and amplitude layers included in each video are determined to optimize the quality while satisfying the rate assignment. Simulation studies show that our scheme consistently outperforms TFRC in terms of agility to track link qualities and overall subjective quality of all streams. In addition, the proposed scheme supports differential services for different streams, and competes fairly with TCP flows.

TDD-based mobile communication solutions for high-speed railway scenarios

Abstract: Mobile communication solutions for highspeed railway scenarios aim at providing seamless coverage, high system capacity and a high data rate for end users, which in turn face the challenges of Doppler frequency shift, penetration loss, mobility management and system capacity planning. Because the scarcity of frequency resources and increasing wireless broadband requirements have become very serious problems worldwide, increasing attention has been focused on time-division duplexing based technology, on which we focus in this article. Time-division synchronous code-division multiple access based and time-division Long Term Evolution based solutions are introduced with appropriate technology analysis. The experimental results of TD-SCDMA-based solutions in the Shanghai maglev high-speed network environment and the simulation results of TD-LTE-based solutions are presented. Finally, to improve performance, we discuss an enhanced solution based on mobile relays with performance evaluation, which is considered as a more comprehensive solution for high-speed railway scenarios.

Broadband access in the EU: An assessment of future economic benefits

Abstract: This paper evaluates the net benefits of the implementation of the broadband infrastructure deployment targets by 2020 as entailed by the Digital Agenda for Europe Initiative set forth by the European Commission. We estimate the returns from broadband infrastructure for the period 2005-2011, differentiating the impact of broadband by levels of adoption and speed while accounting for reverse causality and extensive heterogeneity. We find that in the base case scenario the overall benefits outweigh the costs by 32% for the entire European Union. We further extrapolate the returns by country under different scenarios of implementation. In most cases the benefits are substantially well above the costs. The findings lead to policy recommendations related to the role of public support for the generalized build out of broadband infrastructure.

Evolved node b, user equipment, and method for operation of narrow bandwidth user equipment in wide bandwidth broadband networks

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for supporting operation of narrow bandwidth devices within a broadband network are described herein. A user equipment (UE) may retrieve control channels within a narrow bandwidth device region of a downlink subframe. The control channels may be received in a subcarrier of a new carrier type (NCT) implemented in accordance with a standard of the 3GPP family of standards. Cell-specific reference signals may be excluded on the NCT subcarrier.

On the Use of Filter Bank Based Multicarrier Modulation for Professional Mobile Radio

Abstract: Our main emphasis is on the use of enhanced OFDM and filter bank based multicarrier (FB-MC) waveforms for utilizing effectively the available fragmented spectrum in heterogeneous radio environments. Special attention is on the broadband-narrowband coexistence scenario of the Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) evolution. The target here is to provide broadband data services in coexistence with narrowband legacy services of the TETRA family. The core idea is a multi-mode radio platform, based on variable filter bank processing, which is able to perform modulation/detection functions simultaneously for different signal formats with adjustable center frequencies, bandwidths and subchannel spacings.

Monitoring YouTube QoE: Is Your Mobile Network Delivering the Right Experience to your Customers?

Abstract: YouTube, the killer application of today's Internet, is changing the way ISPs and network operators manage quality monitoring and provisioning on their IP networks. YouTube is currently the most consumed Internet application, accounting for more than 30% of the overall Internet's traffic worldwide. Coupling such an overwhelming traffic volume with the ever intensifying competition among ISPs is pushing operators to integrate Quality of Experience (QoE) paradigms into their traffic management systems. The need for automatic QoE assessment solutions becomes even more critical in mobile broadband networks, where over-provisioning solutions can not be foreseen and bad user experience translates into churning clients. This paper presents a complete study on the problem of YouTube Quality of Experience monitoring and assessment in mobile networks. The paper considers not only the QoE analysis, modeling and assessment based on real users' experience, but also the passive monitoring of the quality provided by the ISP to its end-customers in a large mobile broadband network.

Design and Applications of a 300–800 MHz Tunable Matching Network

Abstract: In this paper, the optimized design, characterization and applications of a broadband 300-800 MHz (~ 91% fractional bandwidth) digitally-controlled tunable matching network is presented. The design employs PIN diodes as switching components and a repetitive structure of basic cells using lumped reactive elements. After an intensive and complex optimization process, a Smith chart coverage (return losses better than 10 dB and losses lower than 2 dB) above 60% is obtained in all the bandwidth reaching 75% in the middle of the band (400-700 MHz). The potential of the manufactured tunable matching network for antenna mismatch compensation, antenna bandwidth extension and power amplifier efficiency improvement in back-off is showed.

Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa: Accelerating High-Speed Internet Access

Abstract: Just as the steam engine was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution, broadband Internet is today seen as critical to the transition to knowledge-intensive economies across the world. As a general purpose technology, broadband Internet is considered as a fundamental driver of economic growth and social development, releasing the innovative potential and energy of previously disenfranchised members of the population. Many of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) now recognize that broadband Internet is crucial to their efforts to reduce poverty and create job opportunities, especially for their young populations and for women. The report re-emphasizes the important contribution that broadband Internet can make and assesses the status of existing infrastructure in at least 18 MENA countries. While there is significant potential across the region, however, the take-up of broadband Internet has been slow, and the price of broadband service is high in many countries. In large part, this stems from market structures that, too often, reflect the past when telecommunications were treated as a monopoly utility service. The report finds that there are gaps in infrastructure regionally with no connectivity between neighboring countries in some cases. Similarly, there are gaps within countries exacerbating the (digital) divide between rural and urban areas. The report examines the regulatory and market bottlenecks that are hampering the growth of the Internet in these and other MENA countries: the five North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia); the six Mashreq countries (the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank and Gaza economy); the six Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates); and Djibouti and the Republic of Yemen. The report provides policy and regulatory options for increasing effective use of existing fixed and mobile infrastructure as well as alternative infrastructure networks such as power grids and railroads. It explains the benefits of effective cross-sector infrastructure construction frameworks, highlighting the need to adjust market structures to foster competitive behavior among service providers to bring down prices and stimulate the demand for value-added services to drive future broadband development.

The Design of Cloud-Based 4G/LTE for Mobile Augmented Reality with Smart Mobile Devices

Abstract: The system characteristics of 4G and beyond 4G broadband mobile system (BMS) are high data rate (throughput), low latency (delay), high mobility (speed), and high capacity. The current recognized 4G BMS needs to meet the requirements specified by IMT-Advanced of ITU-T. Those BMSs include 3GPP-LTE/LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16e/m (WiMAX 1/WiMAX 2). In the meantime, the smart device (smart phone and tablet) with powerful CPU/GPU, HD digital camera, digital compass, GPS, and various sensors are becoming rapidly popular. In addition, the architecture and capability of cloud computing are getting adopted in various applications and services, a cloud-based 4G/LTE is one example of telecommunications services. With the combination of more deployments of cloud-based BMSs and increasing usages of smart mobile devices, there are many potential appealing applications and services with real-time and/or interactive features can be created. In this article, we explore the technology and applications of mobile augmented reality (MAR) on the cloud-based 4G BMS (TD-LTE) and smart devices environment. The developed smart device-based MAR system (SD-MAR) with the 4G/TD-LTE experimental network test bed is located at MIRC/BML in the campus of National Chiao Tung University. This test bed consists of several brandy dongles/tablets/smartphones (as UE), two NSN TD-LTE base stations (as eNodeB), one core network (as EPC), and cloud-based servers and data center. To study the technology and applications on SD-MAR system, we have integrated research teams/people specialized in the areas of cloud computing, smart device technology, 4G broadband mobile system, computer vision and image processing, gesture recognition, computer graphics and rendering, and system integration. The applications discussed in the article include real-time accurate navigation/tourism for indoor and outdoor, collaborative urban design, and multiuser interactive motion learning system in the mobile environment.

Web performance bottlenecks in broadband access networks

Abstract: We present the first large-scale analysis of Web performance bottlenecks as measured from broadband access networks, using data collected from extensive home router deployments. We analyze the limits of throughput on improving Web performance and identify the contribution of critical factors such as DNS lookups and TCP connection establishment to Web page load times. We find that, as broadband speeds continue to increase, other factors such as TCP connection setup time, server response time, and network latency are often dominant performance bottlenecks. Thus, realizing a "faster Web" requires not only higher download throughput, but also optimizations to reduce both client and server-side latency.

Control of IMD Asymmetry of CMOS Power Amplifier for Broadband Operation Using Wideband Signal

Abstract: A fully integrated linear CMOS power amplifier (PA) for the broadband operation is developed for handset applications. This amplifier can handle a wideband signal. To achieve broadband/wideband operation, an analysis of the intermodulation distortion for the asymmetric source in a differential cascode structure is presented. Based on the analysis, the linearization technique using a second harmonic circuit at the gate of the common gate is proposed to reduce the asymmetry. The proposed PA with an on-chip transmission-line transformer, which has a broadband matching characteristic, is fabricated using a 0.18-μm RF CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the sideband asymmetry is less than 0.6 dB for a signal with up to 50-MHz bandwidth, and the peak average power is improved by 1.2 dB within the linearity spec of a 16-QAM 7.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio long-term evolution signal. The PA delivers a power-added efficiency of 36.5%-31.2% and an average output power of 27.5-27.1 dBm under an ACLRE-UTRA of -30.5 dBc for a 50-MHz bandwidth signal across 1.4-2.0-GHz carrier frequency.

Energy-efficient wideband cable access networks in future smart cities

Abstract: The Internet explosion makes energy consumption of the ICT sector a global concern Nowadays, the power consumption of access networks increases rapidly due to the rollout of broadband services Cable access networks provide Internet access over the existing cable television systems Among all wired access networks, they have the second biggest user base, which is still growing fast due to the release of the new industry standard, DOCSIS 30 Therefore, we expect that cable access networks will play an important role in the ICT sector of future smart cities In order to boost up bidirectional throughput, DOCSIS 30 introduces the channel bonding technology, which could lead to increased power consumption if not properly managed In this article, we present a few energy-saving algorithms that could be used by the cable operators to improve the energy efficiency of cable access networks using channel bonding The discussions cover both the network-wide energy-saving algorithm and the customer-side energy-saving algorithm, and provide investigations on the trade-offs between energy-saving and other network performance metrics, including packet delay and protocol overhead Our numerical results suggest that effective energy saving can be achieved in wideband cable access networks with the proposed algorithms, and the packet delay and protocol overhead can be reduced if we choose the key parameters properly

Effective usage of MMT in broadcasting systems

Abstract: The environment surrounding content delivery has significantly changed since the early 1990s when today's broadcasting systems were developed; content, client terminals, and delivery networks have diversified. To respond effectively to this increasing diversity, new media transport technologies are required to maximize the benefits of heterogeneous networks such as broadcast and broadband networks. This paper presents a functional comparison of MPEG Media Transport (MMT), being developed in MPEG, with MPEG-2 TS and RTP of conventional broadcasting systems. This comparison shows that MMT is the most effective media transport method for next-generation broadcasting systems. We also consider how to implement MMT in broadcasting systems. This study shows that a TLV multiplexing scheme in broadcasting systems is the most efficient way to carry IP packets containing MMT packets.