Showing papers on "Cadmium acetate published in 2020"

Synthesis and characterization of microbial mediated cadmium oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: Microbial mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles constitutes as effective and promising approach for the development of antibacterial materials in the field of bioengineering and biomedicine. We prepared Cadmium oxide nanoaprticles (CdO NPs) utilizing Penicillium oxalicum, and cadmium acetate solution via coprecipitate method. The elemental composition and morphology of these synthesized CdO NPs were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, we evaluated the bactericidal potential of prepared CdO NPs using Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Bacillus cereus (B.cereus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as negative control while erythromycin was used as positive control. The XRD spectrum revealed cubic crystalline nanoparticles with 22.94 nm size and UV showed absorbance peak at 297 nm with 2.5 eV band gap energy. FTIR depicted O─H and carboxylic groups along with CdO stretching vibration. EDS showed the presence of organic compounds on Cd and O over NPs surface. SEM results revealed the spherical shape of the CdO NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited highly potent bactericidal activity against selected strains and demonstrated less optical density of 0.086 after 24 hr. Owing to the significant antibacterial activity of CdO NPs, the broad application prospects of these nanoparticles CdO NPs in extensive biomedical applications is indicated.

Visible light irradiated photocatalytic performance of SnS2-CdO nanocomposite against the degradation of rhodamine B (cationic) and congo red (anionic) dyes

Abstract: The present work focuses on the synthesis of pure SnS2 nanopowder, pure CdO nanopowder and SnS2-CdO nanocomposite by a cost effective chemical method using tin (II) chloride, thiourea and cadmium acetate as the precursor salts. The synthesized samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy and Electron spin resonance (ESR). Diffraction peaks related to both SnS2 and CdO was observed in the XRD pattern of the composite. Photocatalytic studies established that the composite exhibit a photodegradation efficiency of nearly equal to 86.11% against rhodamine B and 92.86% against congo red dyes. Also, the SnS2-CdO nanocomposite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity, from visible light water splitting.

Novel Low Temperature Route to Produce CdS/ZnO Composite Nanofibers as Effective Photocatalysts

Abstract: In this work, CdS/ZnO composite nanofibers (NFs) were prepared by the electrospinning of a sol–gel comprised of poly(caprolactone), zinc acetate dihydrate, cadmium acetate dihydrate, and ammonium sulfide. The electrospun NF mats were calcined under vacuum in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at 200 °C for 1 h. Standard physiochemical analysis techniques demonstrated the formation of the crystalline hexagonal phase of CdS and ZnO. Composite NFs showed good photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation compared to their counterparts. CdS nanoparticles, ZnO nanofibers, and composite NFs photodegraded 35.5%, 47.3%, and 90% of the MB dye, respectively, within 100 min. The reaction kinetics of MB photodegradation using the composite NFs followed the pseudo-first-order relation. Owing to their facile preparation and good photodegradation ability, the proposed method can be used to prepare various photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

Umbrella-like CdS single crystal: exposed (002) facets and enhanced photocatalytic properties

Abstract: We, herein, report the synthesis of umbrella-like CdS single crystal with exposed high-activity (002) facets first time by using a one-step hydrothermal method with cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), and its possible growth mechanism was discussed. As a contrast, CdS nanoparticles with different morphologies were also synthesized. The morphology, composition and photocatalytic property of as-synthesized samples were determined by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and photocurrent tests, respectively. The results show that umbrella-like CdS under UV (20 min) and visible light (80 min) irradiation, the removal rate of rhodamine B was as high as 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively. Moreover, even though the particle size of umbrella-like CdS particle is larger than as-synthesized CdS nanospheres, it still shows excellent photocatalytic degradation activity due to its exposed high-energy (002) facets. And its excellent application prospects are conceivable. The current work provides a new paradigm in material morphology design, especially in the construction of highly active surfaces for photocatalysis and photoelectric conversion.

Influence of deposition conditions on structural, electrical, and optical properties of cadmium oxide thin films deposited using the spray pyrolysis technique

Abstract: In this study, thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates using the simple spray pyrolysis technique using a cadmium acetate precursor. The results regarding the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the layers as a function of the substrate temperature ranging from 280 to 340 °C, spray rate ranging from 5 to 20 ml/min, and volume of solution ranging from 50 to 125 ml were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the thin films had a polycrystalline nature with the fcc structure of single-phase CdO. The analysis also showed peaks related to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the morphology surface of the thin films was spherical. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis demonstrated that the roughness of thin films ranged from 21.16 to 60.9 nm. The Hall effect and thermoelectric studies revealed that the films exhibited an n-type conductivity. The Hall effect measurement study also showed that the carrier concentration (n) and carrier mobility were of the order of 1019 cm− 3 and 10− 2 cm− 2/v s, respectively. The obtained values for the optical bandgap ranged from 2.29 to 2.56 eV, where the amount of the optical bandgap for the thin films decreased as the substrate temperature increased.

Synthesis and characterization of solution-processable Cd1–xZnxS nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation of broadband antibiotics like tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation is considered as an efficient and cost-effective protocol for eliminating it from the aqueous medium. In this study, highly efficient solution-processable Cd1−xZnxS photocatalysts were synthesized using a simple solvothermal route where zinc acetate and cadmium acetate were used as precursors. Composition-tunable alloyed nanorods with bandgap energy tunability ranging from UV (3.7 eV) to Vis (2.5 eV) were synthesized and structural and optical characterization was performed thoroughly. With the increase of Zn content in the Cd1−xZnxS crystal, the 1LO phonon shifts notably towards higher wavenumber. The performance of Cd1−xZnxS nanorod photocatalyst is strongly related to the ratio of Cd and Zn. The Cd0.75Zn0.25S sample exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation rate constant compared to the other family members. The scavenger experiment revealed that the holes are the main responsible species, whereas hydroxyl radicals have weak roles and electrons have mild effects for the photocatalytic degradation of TC. Our study gives new insight towards the designing of ternary photocatalytic materials for efficient removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution.

Behavior Study of the Nanostructured Zn1-xCdxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) Semiconductor Thin Films Deposited onto Silicon Substrate by Dip-Coating Method

Abstract: The specimens of nanostructured semiconductor of Zn1-xCdxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) thin films were grown on silicon substrate using a dip-coating method. The sol-gel technique was used. The appropriate amounts of Zinc acetate dihydrate (ZnAc) and the Cadmium acetate dihydrate (CdAc) were mixed according to the weight ratios that we have identified as follows; 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 wt.%, then dissolved in 2-Methoxyethanol. Moreover, the Ethanolamine acts as a stabilizer. All films were annealed for 2 h at 500 °C. In order to search the Cd doping effect and its behavior to understand the morphological, structural and optical characteristics with confirm the presence of components and calculate its atomic percentages, we were used many nuclear techniques. The X-ray patterns of all films have showed a hexagonal structure crystallization of wurtzite ZnO phase with nano-metric crystallites size, about 25 nm, confirmed by an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) images, also we observed the fibers or a roots-like morphology on the surface. The Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) by the relation with the etching time and the Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) simulation spectra confirmed the existing of starting and doping elements, to conclude in the latter that the sample of ZnO film doped 10 wt.% Cd has the thickest. Regarding the Photoluminescence (PL) property and under the excitation of 250 nm by Xenon lamp in the room-temperature, the films showed a luminescence spectra of ultraviolet and visible emission, and we remarked also an increasing intensity of this latter up to 5 wt.% Cd doping, as well as a decrease of the optical gap energy has been registered from 3.33 to 3.25 eV with the increase of cadmium doping concentration.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of quaternary cadmium (II)-quercetin complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2’-bipyridine ligands

Abstract: This study reports the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of two novel complexes, [Cd (Q) (Bpy) (CH3COO)2, complex 1] and [Cd (Q) (Phen) (CH3COO)2, complex 2], based on quercetin ligand. The me...

The effect of growth technique on the characteristic properties of CdS layers for solar cell applications

Abstract: The effects of two different growth methods including electrodeposition (ED) (two-electrode configuration) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the characteristic properties of CdS thin-films were explored and reported. The electrodeposited CdS (ED-CdS) layers were grown on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using acidic and aqueous solution containing 0.3 M of thiourea (SC(NH2)2) and 0.2 M of cadmium chloride hydrate (CdCl2.xH2O). The chemical bath deposited CdS (CBD-CdS) layers were also grown on glass/FTO substrates using alkaline and aqueous solution containing 4 × 10–3 M of cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(CH3CO2)2.2H2O), 20 × 10–3 M of thiourea (TU) and 6 × 10–2 M ammonium acetate (NH4C2H3O2). The deposited CdS thin-films were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurement to study their structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties, respectively. The structural study shows the polycrystalline nature of the ED-CdS and CBD-CdS thin-films with stable hexagonal phase after heat treatment. The preferred orientation for both ED-CdS and CBD-CdS layers was along (002) hexagonal plane. The average crystallite size of CdS thin-films grown by both deposition methods were in the range ~ (11–38) nm and ~ (22–53) nm before and after heat treatment, respectively. Optical studies reveal the direct bandgap value of 2.42 eV for the heat-treated ED-CdS and CBD-CdS layers which correspond to the bulk bandgap of CdS (hexagonal phase). Morphological studies depict the average grain sizes in the range ~ (90–260) nm for the CdS thin-films. The PEC cell measurements show that the CdS layers grown by both ED and CBD methods were n-type in electrical conduction before and after heat treatment. No visible precipitations of elemental S or CdS particles were observed in the deposition electrolyte of ED-CdS showing a stable bath using TU precursor during the growth. The solar cells fabricated using CBD-CdS showed better performance as compared to the devices fabricated using ED-CdS due to the uniform coverage of FTO surface and better fill factor (FF).

Fe3O4@saponin/Cd: a novel magnetic nano-catalyst for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives

Abstract: A novel recyclable magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@saponin/Cd was synthesized by the combination of nano-Fe3O4@saponin with cadmium acetate. The structure, magnetic features, and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Fe3O4@saponin/Cd were studied totally via different experiments, such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). It was found that the catalyst was active for the synthesis of β-aminoketone derivatives via one-pot three-component Mannich-type reactions of ketones, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines under eco-friendly solvent, at room temperature. Furthermore, this catalyst can be easily recovered magnetically and can be reused for other runs without any reduction in the activity.

Synthesis of pH Sensitive Dual Capped CdTe QDs: Their Optical Properties and Structural Morphology

Abstract: We herein report five different types of thiol dual capped cadmium tellurite quantum dots (CdTe QDs) namely glutathione-mercapto-propanoic acid (QD 1), glutathione-thiolglycolic acid (QD 2), L-cysteine-mercapto-propanoic acid (QD 3), L-cysteine- thiol-glycolic acid (QD 4) and mercapto-propanoic acid-thiol-glycolic (QD 5). Dual-capped CdTe QDs were prepared using a one pot synthetic method. Cadmium acetate and sodium tellurite were respectively used as cadmium and tellurium precursors. Photo-physical properties of the synthesized QDs were examined using UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy while structural characterization was performed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of pH on QD characteristics (fluorescence intensity) was studied using phosphate and citrate buffers and continuous titration with HCl (0.1 N). UV-vis and photoluminescence spectra exhibited sharp absorption band edge with high intensities and improved colloidal stability. All the QDs were found to be in nano-size rang. TEM analysis revealed the presence of spherical nanoparticles while FTIR evidenced successful dual-capping of QDs. Upon pH changes, QDs 3 and 4 demonstrated more remarkable variations in fluorescence intensity than QDs 1 and 2. The pH-sensitivity of these QDs represents a promising feature for further development of potential theranostic nano-devices.

Tunability and Graded Energy Band Gap of Chemical Bath Deposited Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Thin Film for Optoelectronic Applications

Abstract: CdS thin films have continued to receive scientific and technological attention due to their potential applications in efficient solar energy conversion and utilization in device fabrication. In this research, CdS thin films were deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates of dimension 2.3 by 2.4 cm2. Three different aqueous bath solutions of CdS were formed by increasing the concentration of cadmium acetate as a source of cadmium while the concentration of ammonium chloride and thiourea as a source of sulfur remained constant in the reaction bath as against the usual convention to ascertain the strength of the constituents in the reaction. The energy band gap of the films decreases with increase in the concentration of cadmium as a constituent of the bath while the films optical transmittance was found to increase with increase in concentration. This indicates that the energy band gap of the films can be predetermined by the choice of the constituent of the concentration in the chemical bath deposition technique (CBD). The increase in the transmittance for both as deposited and annealed CdS confirms the suitability of the films as window layer device, solar cell and optoelectronic applications.

A Thermostable Three-Dimensional Homochiral Metal–Organic Framework Constructed from N-Rich Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties

Abstract: By using the designed N-rich 3,6-bis(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridazine (b4mmp) and chiral d-camphoric acid (d-cam) ligands to react with cadmium acetate, a new bulk homochiral 3D metal–organic framework [Cd2(d-cam)2(b4mmp)(DMF)]n (1) has been synthesized. Compound 1 bears an uninodal 6-connected net structure with unprecedent topology, and it has a high thermostability. Moreover, the circular dichroism spectrum and photoluminescent properties for 1 were also investigated.

Structural and optical properties of pure and Cu2+ doped CdS nanoparticles

Abstract: The synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles was widely studied in the field of optical devices for their potential usage. These semi conductor nanoparticles are doped with transition metal(TM) ions have wide attention due to the outstanding luminescent properties. The pure cadmium sulphide (CdS) and the transition metal Cu2+ ion doped with the nanoparticles (CdS: Cu2+) are synthesised by the microwave enhanced solvothermal method. The cadmium acetate was used as cadmium source, thioacetamide as the sulphide source, and the ethylene glycol was used as the solvent for the synthesis of Cds: Cu2+. XRD pattern of Pure CdS shows cubic structure. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by power XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR and UV-VIS of the samples were recorded and discussed briefly.

Effect of Cu doping on structural and optical properties of II-VI binary compound semiconducting nanoparticles

Abstract: CdS and ZnS are important chalcogenides belonging to II-VI binary compound semiconductor which has wide applications in various optoelectronic devices, medical diagnosis and drug delivery system. The present work reports the synthesis of undoped and Cu doped CdS and ZnS nanoparticles by microwave assisted solvothermal method using the aqueous molar solution of cadmium acetate, zinc acetate, copper chloride and sodium sulphide. The structural properties of the as synthesized nanoparticles have been investigated via X-ray diffraction. The XRD spectrum confirms the crystallinity of the synthesized samples. The average crystal size of the nanoparticles was estimated via Scherrer equation and was found to be around 5.64 nm and 5.46 nm for undoped CdS and ZnS respectively and the value gets reduced on doping CdS and ZnS with Cu. The optical properties of the prepared nanoparticles were examined via PL and UV Visible spectra. The optical energy band gap of as synthesized nanoparticles was estimated using UV- Visible spectra via Tauc equation, which was found to be 3.80 eV and 3.70 eV for undoped CdS and ZnS respectively. The report shows the increment of the energy band gap of CdS and ZnS after doping it with Cu.

Influence of Cu on structural and optical properties of CdTe nanoparticles

Abstract: CdTe is an important II-VI binary compound material which is widely used as photovoltaic applications. In this work pure and Copper doped CdTe nanoparticles have been synthesized. The synthesis has been carried out by microwave assisted method. In this study the doping effect of Cu on the structural and optical properties of CdTe nanoparticles have been discussed. For the synthesis of nanoparticles the chemicals used were cadmium acetate, Tellurium powder, ethylene glycol, hydrazine hydrate and copper chloride. The as synthesized CdTe and Cu doped CdTe nanoparticles were found to be in crystalline phase which has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average size of the nanocrystallites were calculated by using Debye- Scherrer formula and was found to be around 65 nm for pure CdTe and it reduces to 52 nm after doping of Cu in CdTe. The bandgap of the nanoparticles was calculated using UV-Visible absorption spectra. The result showed that the bandgap values were blue shifted from the bulk one.

Method for preparation of deuterium gas by photocatalysis of deuterium oxide

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparation of deuterium gas by photocatalysis of deuterium oxide. The method is low in cost, safe, environment-friendly and high in preparation efficiency. The method comprises the steps of: 1) mixing cadmium acetate tetrahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate, thiourea and sodium manganate dihydrate, then dissolving the mixture in ethylenediamine, and performing stirring to obtain a reaction mixed solution; and 2) putting the mixed solution obtained in step 1) into a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined stainless steel autoclave, adding sodium manganate dehydrate, carrying out programmed heating to 150-200DEG C, conducting heat preservation for 8-24h, performing cooling to room temperature and performing separation, conducting washing with water and ethanol repeatedly, and staying the product overnight in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a MoS2-Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst containing MoS2; and 3) suspending the MoS2-Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst in D2O, adding Na2SO3 and Na2S as the sacrificial agent, and performing irradiation with Xe lamp-300W to obtain deuterium gas.