Showing papers on "Deposition (chemistry) published in 2021"
TL;DR: Fangxi Xie, Huan Li, Xuesi Wang, Xing Zhi, Dongliang Chao, Kenneth Davey, and Shi-Zhang Qiao.
Abstract: Fangxi Xie, Huan Li, Xuesi Wang, Xing Zhi, Dongliang Chao, Kenneth Davey, and Shi-Zhang Qiao
172 citations
149 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Additive Manufacturing on 2/10/2021, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102378
Abstract: This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Additive Manufacturing on 02/10/2021, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102378
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.
100 citations
TL;DR: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as a promising energy storage system due to their low cost and high safety merits as mentioned in this paper, however, they suffer from the challenge of uncontrollable dendrit.
Abstract: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as a promising energy storage system due to their low cost and high safety merits. However, they suffer from the challenge of uncontrollable dendrit...
95 citations
TL;DR: To solve the toxic issue for new generation photovoltaic applications, tin-based perovskite solar cells are a promising alternative to their lead counterparts, but they suffer from poor stability as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: To solve the toxic issue for new-generation photovoltaic applications, tin-based perovskite solar cells are a promising alternative to their lead counterparts, but they suffer from poor stability b...
89 citations
86 citations
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique is used to successfully fabricate the highperformance all-polymer solar cells by synergistically controlling additive dosages in donor and acceptor solutions.
Abstract: A layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition technique is used to successfully fabricate the high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells by synergistically controlling additive dosages in donor and acceptor solutions.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, low loading is one of the bottlenecks limiting the performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), and although previous QD secondary deposition relying on electrostatic interaction can impr...
Abstract: Low loading is one of the bottlenecks limiting the performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Although previous QD secondary deposition relying on electrostatic interaction can impr...
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified soil carbon sequestration through more than a decade of continuous N addition experiment in an N-rich primary tropical forest, and showed that long-term N additions increased soil C stocks by 7 to 21%, mainly arising from decreased C output fluxes and physical protection mechanisms without changes in the chemical composition of organic matter.
Abstract: Terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration plays an important role in ameliorating global climate change. While tropical forests exert a disproportionately large influence on global C cycling, there remains an open question on changes in below-ground soil C stocks with global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition, because N supply often does not constrain the growth of tropical forests. We quantified soil C sequestration through more than a decade of continuous N addition experiment in an N-rich primary tropical forest. Results showed that long-term N additions increased soil C stocks by 7 to 21%, mainly arising from decreased C output fluxes and physical protection mechanisms without changes in the chemical composition of organic matter. A meta-analysis further verified that soil C sequestration induced by excess N inputs is a general phenomenon in tropical forests. Notably, soil N sequestration can keep pace with soil C, based on consistent C/N ratios under N additions. These findings provide empirical evidence that below-ground C sequestration can be stimulated in mature tropical forests under excess N deposition, which has important implications for predicting future terrestrial sinks for both elevated anthropogenic CO2 and N deposition. We further developed a conceptual model hypothesis depicting how soil C sequestration happens under chronic N deposition in N-limited and N-rich ecosystems, suggesting a direction to incorporate N deposition and N cycling into terrestrial C cycle models to improve the predictability on C sink strength as enhanced N deposition spreads from temperate into tropical systems.
81 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the fungal community was more sensitive than the bacterial community to N deposition, and further emphasizes the importance of simultaneously evaluating soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to global environmental changes.
TL;DR: Fungal biomass, richness, and oxidative enzyme potential were reduced by N deposition where ambient N deposition was high suggesting fungal communities were pushed beyond an environmental stress threshold.
Abstract: Fungal decomposition of soil organic matter depends on soil nitrogen (N) availability. This ecosystem process is being jeopardized by changes in N inputs that have resulted from a tripling of atmospheric N deposition in the last century. Soil fungi are impacted by atmospheric N deposition due to higher N availability, as soils are acidified, or as micronutrients become increasingly limiting. Fungal communities that persist with chronic N deposition may be enriched with traits that enable them to tolerate environmental stress, which may trade-off with traits enabling organic matter decomposition. We hypothesized that fungal communities would respond to N deposition by shifting community composition and functional gene abundances toward those that tolerate stress but are weak decomposers. We sampled soils at seven eastern US hardwood forests where ambient N deposition varied from 3.2 to 12.6 kg N ha-1 year-1 , five of which also have experimental plots where atmospheric N deposition was simulated through fertilizer application treatments (25-50 kg N ha-1 year-1 ). Fungal community and functional responses to fertilizer varied across the ambient N deposition gradient. Fungal biomass and richness increased with simulated N deposition at sites with low ambient deposition and decreased at sites with high ambient deposition. Fungal functional genes involved in hydrolysis of organic matter increased with ambient N deposition while genes involved in oxidation of organic matter decreased. One of four genes involved in generalized abiotic stress tolerance increased with ambient N deposition. In summary, we found that the divergent response to simulated N deposition depended on ambient N deposition levels. Fungal biomass, richness, and oxidative enzyme potential were reduced by N deposition where ambient N deposition was high suggesting fungal communities were pushed beyond an environmental stress threshold. Fungal community structure and function responses to N enrichment depended on ambient N deposition at a regional scale.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hot dip silicon-plating method was used to obtain fine MoSi2 grain size and higher surface silicon concentration, which results in a very low surface roughness.
TL;DR: A new method for predicting the self-cleansing velocity required to avoid permanent deposition of material in sewer pipes is proposed using the new Random Forest (RF) based model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesized data from 34 published studies to clarify the response of N2O emission rates to N deposition across global grassland and found that air temperature, nitrogen dose, precipitation and soil bulk density were the major factors influencing effect size.
Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in grasslands contribute considerably to global warming and are influenced substantially by nitrogen deposition. However, the impacts of N deposition impact on soil N2O emission rates across global grassland remain unclear due to spatial heterogeneity. Here, we synthesized data from 34 published studies to clarify the response of N2O emission rates to N deposition across global grassland. The priming effect size of N deposition on global grassland N2O emission rate was 1.64 ± 0.14 (95% confidence interval 1.36–1.92, P slurry > dung > NH4SO4 > NH4NO3 > urea. Furthermore, explained heterogeneity analysis revealed that air temperature, nitrogen dose, precipitation and soil bulk density was positively associated with effect size. In addition, air temperature, altitude, pH and nitrogen dose were the major factors influencing effect size. Path analysis also indicated that N dose took a significant role on direct effect (P
TL;DR: The results suggest that the response of microorganisms to N deposition treatments varied by the concentration, and the deposition of a high concentration would increase the nutrients in the soil, but reduce the diversity of soil microorganisms, causing a negative impact on the coastal wetland ecosystem of the YRD.
TL;DR: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) gets the most attention in development and manufacturing industries as discussed by the authors. And the demand for FDM in industries increases gradually over time and attracts many researchers to...
Abstract: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) gets the most attention in development and manufacturing industries. The demand for FDM in industries increases gradually over time and attracts many researchers to...
TL;DR: The main source of nitrous oxide emissions which contribute to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion are agricultural soil emissions as discussed by the authors, and agricultural soil is also one of the main sources of N2O emissions.
Abstract: Agricultural soil is the main source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions which contribute to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. In recent decades, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition ha...
TL;DR: The research findings provide an important theoretical basis for dust deposition prevention and removal from solar PV modules.
TL;DR: It is found that total organic carbon concentrations were significantly increasing in almost all study catchments, and the impact of climate warming as a driver of TOC leaching will be even more pronounced in the future.