Showing papers on "Electromagnetic compatibility published in 2019"
292 citations
01 Jun 2019
TL;DR: The relevance of the use of mathematical modeling with the electromagnetic compatibility requirements in solving problems of space engineering is shown and the prototype developed in TUSUR is approved.
Abstract: In this paper, the relevance of the use of mathematical modeling with the electromagnetic compatibility requirements in solving problems of space engineering is shown. Approbation of the software prototype developed in TUSUR is performed by designing the power supply network elements of a spacecraft. The mathematical and software features of the prototype are described.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the worst case configurations of WPT coils and EV bodyshell were analyzed by a software tool based on the finite element method (FEM) that takes into account the field reflection and refraction of the metal EV body and showed that the magnetic field emission increased as the ground clearance increased and as the body width decreased.
Abstract: The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice (RP) J2954 (November 2017) was recently published to standardize the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle (EV). The SAE J2954 RP establishes criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic field (EMF) safety, etc. The aim of this study was to predict the magnetic field behavior inside and outside an EV during wireless charging using the design criteria of SAE RP J2954. Analyzing the worst case configurations of WPT coils and EV bodyshell by a sophisticated software tool based on the finite element method (FEM) that takes into account the field reflection and refraction of the metal EV bodyshell, it is possible to numerically assess the magnetic field levels in the environment. The investigation was performed considering the worst case configuration—a small city car with a Class 2 WPT system of 7.7 kVA with WPT coils with maximum admissible ground clearance and offset. The results showed that the reference level (RL) of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines in terms of magnetic flux density was exceeded under and beside the EV. To mitigate the magnetic field, the currents flowing through the WPT coils were varied using the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation instead of the traditional series-series (SS) compensation. The corresponding calculated field was compliant with the 2010 ICNIRP RL and presented a limited exceedance of the 1998 ICNIRP RL. Finally, the influence of the body width on the magnetic field behavior adopting maximum offset was investigated, demonstrating that the magnetic field emission in the environment increased as the ground clearance increased and as the body width decreased.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an analytical technique to evaluate radiated electric field and shielding effectiveness (SE) of shielded cable, where the induced voltages and currents on the screen were modeled by the surface transfer impedance with Kley's method.
Abstract: Electromagnetic radiation from transmission lines is an important topic in electromagnetic compatibility. Thus, this paper aims at developing an analytical technique to evaluate radiated electric field and shielding effectiveness (SE) of shielded cable. The induced voltages and currents on the screen are modeled by the surface transfer impedance with Kley's method. Then, based on the Hertzian dipole technique, the radiating transmission line is decomposed into small-length hypothetical dipoles and the total electromagnetic radiation can be replaced by the summation of the dipoles. After that, the SE expression of shielded cable is obtained according to the electromagnetic calculation results, which is defined by using transfer impedance. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out by using a commercial software computer simulation technology (CST) to validate the proposed approach. The expressions give a way of allowing fast parametric analysis of radiation and SE during the design phase of the electrical and geometrical configuration of shielded cable.
35 citations
TL;DR: Tested on a large set of benchmarks and compared with several well-known optimisation algorithms the ESD algorithm (ESDA) is found to be a very competitive algorithm.
Abstract: Because of their several advantages like simplicity, flexibility and adaptability, nature-inspired (NI) optimisation algorithms have attracted significant attention for solving complex optimisation problems. Source of inspiration for NI are multiple. This study aims to propose a new NI optimisation algorithm inspired by the electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. Tested on a large set of benchmarks and compared with several well-known optimisation algorithms the ESD algorithm (ESDA) is found to be a very competitive algorithm. Moreover, the ESDA has been applied for the determination of wort-case scenarios for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1-kW power factor correction (PFC) converter was designed, developed, and evaluated with the objective of quantifying the efficiency and EMC signature.
Abstract: SiC-based diodes and mosfet s switch extremely quickly with low conduction losses. Thus, from the perspective of efficiency, such devices are ideal for a continuous conduction mode (CCM) boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. However, the circuit parasitic becomes alive while switching with high $dv/dt$ and $di/dt$ values, which necessitates the need for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance measurements. Employing the best available low-loss SiC mosfet and SiC diode, in this paper, a 1-kW PFC boost converter prototype was designed, developed, and evaluated with the objective of quantifying the efficiency and EMC signature. The efficiency is evaluated through two approaches, namely, a circuit simulation and a laboratory measurement. With the first approach, the switching losses are obtained using a widely accepted double-pulse test methodology, and the conduction losses are taken from the data sheet, whereas with the second approach, the current and voltage are recorded at the input and output of the PFC converter using power analyzer. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) is monitored using line impedance stabilizing network and EMC analyzer. To maximize the efficiency, a fast, clean switching of the silicon carbide (SiC) is necessary. Utilizing a low-parasitic printed circuit board design approach and switching the selected low-loss SiC devices with a 0 $\Omega$ external gate drive resistance, this PFC boost yields a peak efficiency of 97.2% at full-rated power when switched at 250 kHz. Furthermore, the EMI noise was measured at 66 and 250 kHz. It was found that the same EMI filter size satisfies the CISPR 11 Class B conducted EMI limit at both switching frequencies with a noise of approximately 10 dB higher at 250 kHz. As the main contribution of this paper, the best case efficiency and worst case EMI are evaluated in this paper.
28 citations
22 Jul 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a vector network analyzer was used to determine the battery impedance for a wide frequency range from 1 kHz to 300 MHz, where the two-port scattering parameters (S-parameters) of a 18650 Li-ion cylindrical cell were measured with the shunt-through method.
Abstract: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is widely used to measure the impedance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells. The EIS focuses on frequencies from millihertz to kilohertz, since the electrochemical processes do not have shorter time constants. To investigate high frequency phenomena as the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an automotive traction battery, impedance measurements also in the higher megahertz range are necessary. State-of-the-art EIS measurement devices for batteries do not meet the requirements of this application, as they can cause electromagnetic wave reflections and do not provide sufficient calibration techniques. In this paper, we present a method to determine the battery impedance for a wide frequency range from 1 kHz to 300 MHz. Using a vector network analyzer, two-port scattering parameters (S-parameters) of a 18650 Li-ion cylindrical cell are measured with the shunt-through method. The resulting cell impedance is 40 Ωm at 1 kHz and increases to 40 Ω at 300 MHz mainly due to the external inductance of the cell.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results show that the main sources of EMI in electric vehicles are the quick switching of power switches, the operation of motor windings and the issue of signal coupling between high voltage cables and low voltage cables, and the EMI can be suppressed effectively by shielding, filtering and optimization of system principles.
Abstract: Due to the changes of energy storage sources, driving systems, vehicle control units, etc., the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electric vehicles is facing greater challenges than that of conventional oil-fueled vehicles. On the one hand, the use of high-power and high-voltage electrical components will generate high electromagnetic interference (EMI) energies in actual operation. On the other hand, automotive electronics with high integration and sensitivity is more susceptible to EMI, which is directly related to the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the EMI mechanism and suppression measures of motor driving systems, charging systems and other low-voltage systems are investigated. The results show that the main sources of EMI in electric vehicles are the quick switching of power switches, the operation of motor windings and the issue of signal coupling between high voltage cables and low voltage cables, and the EMI can be suppressed effectively by shielding, filtering and optimization of system principles.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the voltage-dependent capacitances of silicon carbide power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (mosfets) were extracted using an inductively coupled in-circuit impedance measurement technique.
Abstract: The voltage-dependent capacitances of silicon carbide power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors ( mosfets ) affect the switching characteristics and have a direct impact on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of the power conversion circuit. To predict and mitigate the potential impact on EMC in the early design phase, the capacitances have to be obtained accurately. In this paper, a novel method is proposed based on an inductively coupled in-circuit impedance measurement technique. The proposed method extracts the voltage-dependent capacitances of a mosfet under its actual biased voltage without making any direct electrical contact, and hence eliminates potential safety hazards. Once the inductive probes are characterized, there is no need to re-calibrate the setup prior to each measurement, and therefore, it simplifies the whole measurement process. The accuracy of the extracted voltage-dependent capacitances for the SiC power mosfet has been validated experimentally.
19 citations
TL;DR: A novel machine learning based approach for error detection, which only requires the raw output data from a susceptibility test: neither additional information about the architecture of the device under test nor the test configuration is needed.
Abstract: Compliance to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards is a fundamental requirement for modern integrated circuits (ICs). In this framework, error detection in transient susceptibility tests is of crucial importance to assess the circuit robustness. However, performing such tests is expensive and requires an ad hoc hardware, whose configuration must be adapted for the different test setups, i.e., the transient waveforms, defined in the EMC standards. This paper describes a novel machine learning based approach for error detection, which only requires the raw output data from a susceptibility test: neither additional information about the architecture of the device under test nor the test configuration is needed. We applied and evaluated anomaly detection techniques (a branch of machine learning methods focused on error detection) for transient susceptibility tests with two pertinent examples (one simulation- and one measurement-based). The proposed techniques detected errors successfully in both unsupervised and supervised scenarios. Moreover, these can give insight on the output behaviors that are more likely to cause errors during the test. As shown by our results, an anomaly detection-based approach is an applicable and viable solution for automatic error detection in transient susceptibility tests.
19 citations
TL;DR: A novel EMS test method using a static test instead of a dynamic flight test is proposed and can be used to improve the security of UAV in the severe electromagnetic environment.
Abstract: The operation signal of an unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV's) datalink will change with the flight radius and attitude, which leads to a dynamic variation of the electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) of the datalink against the external electromagnetic interference In order to predict the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for the dynamic datalink of a UAV, the operation signal of the UAV's datalink and the received interference by the UAV need to be quantified and the EMS is also necessary to be tested In this paper, a new model of the UAV's datalink in different flight states is presented The relationship among the airborne operation signal, the interference and the flight parameters is presented and compared in three typical flight states, ie, the fixed angle state, dive state, and hover state To increase the repeatability and accuracy of the test and avoid risks in a flight test, a novel EMS test method using a static test instead of a dynamic flight test is proposed On the basis of the operation state and its corresponding EMS threshold, the EMC prediction is performed to determine the moment when the datalink will be interrupted The new method can be used to improve the security of UAV in the severe electromagnetic environment
TL;DR: In this article, the phase formation, chemical purity, morphology and composition of the products were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), Scanning and Transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM).
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: A new method of suppressing periodic disturbances is extended and applied by a synthesized cancellation signal that is synchronized with the converter's operation, applied to a wide frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz of a 48-/12-V dc/dc converter.
Abstract: Active cancellation of disturbing signals is a common method in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of power electronic systems. In this paper, a new method of suppressing periodic disturbances is extended and applied. In this method, the disturbing harmonics are suppressed by a synthesized cancellation signal that is synchronized with the converter's operation. Here, the cancellation signal is synthesized from a number of destructive sine waves. The appropriate amplitudes and phases are found via a convenient and robust adaptive approach. As a special feature of this method, many troublesome effects, like delays or complex frequency characteristics, can be compensated easily. Therefore, this method does not suffer from the same limitations as previous active techniques. Until now, the method has only been proven for a small number of harmonics. In this study, it is applied to a wide frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz of a 48-/12-V dc/dc converter, e.g., for automotive applications. An optimization strategy is developed from a causal model of the system. A test setup is realized, and the sensor's and injector's performances are discussed regarding the automotive EMC standard CISPR 25. Measurement results for the artificial network and the antenna are presented. The additional power losses are estimated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that a polymer composite film comprising two polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with good mechanical flexibility provides an effective electromagnetic interference shielding.
Abstract: To meet the requirement of electromagnetic compatibility in various portable electronic devices, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) is one of the key parameters. Here, we demonstrate that a polymer composite film comprising two polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with good mechanical flexibility provides an effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Dielectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) and PEDOT:PSS composites in radio frequency ranges (10 MHz–1 GHz) have been utilized to calculate the EMI shielding properties in both near-field and far-field regions. The shielding properties for far-field region are also measured using the coaxial transmission method to verify the calculated result. The morphology of the obtained films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the crystallinity of the composite films was investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The fabricated films with a thickness of ∼0.08 mm exhibit excellent EMI shielding properties. The films can be directly molded to a required shape with good mechanical strength. The film can find its application in fabricating electromagnetic compatible portable electronic devices mainly in the medical field where the EMISE measurement are made in the near field. Also the thickness of the shielding film will have minimum effect on the overall dimensions of device.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method to calculate the optimal volume of the common-mode inductor is proposed, which takes into account core saturation issues that may greatly impact inductor volume and filter performances.
Abstract: Electromagnetic interference filters are broadly used in power electronic systems in order to respect electromagnetic compatibility normative constraints, which considerably increase overall cost and volume mainly because of the common-mode (CM) inductor. In this paper, a new method to calculate the optimal volume of the CM inductor is proposed. It takes into account core saturation issues that may greatly impact inductor volume and filter performances. Consequently, it is shown that in some cases, increasing the inductance value up to the best value can significantly reduce the filter volume in addition to further enhancing the filter attenuation. It is also shown that different nearly-best inductor geometrical parameters with different shape factors can be obtained, which provides an important degree of freedom to designers while introducing the filter in the energy conversion system.
TL;DR: Simulation model developed with RSM optimization technique opens a gateway for the IC industry to investigate EME of their chip design without going through a costly and time-consuming process of fabrication for testing its EME.
Abstract: Rapid increase in operating frequencies and power density necessitate the importance of examining electromagnetic compatibility/electromagnetic emissions (EMEs) from high-frequency and high-power integrated circuits (ICs). In this paper, a simulation method is demonstrated to study the EME using gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor power amplifier IC chip as a device under test. Simulation model is developed by collaborating a high-frequency structure simulator with a Keysight Advance Design System for simulation of three-dimensional layout of IC. The simulated EME results are verified with experimental measurement results; the hotspots obtained with higher EME as identified by a near-field scanner and simulation results are identical. With this simulation method, optimization is done using a response surface methodology to reduce the EME for the IC chip. It is found that small changes in the IC layout can make a significant difference in the EME. Simulation model developed with RSM optimization technique opens a gateway for the IC industry to investigate EME of their chip design without going through a costly and time-consuming process of fabrication for testing its EME.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of recent methods based on multivariate correlation functions that relates statistical inhomogeneities in space (frequency) to the reduction of uncorrelated cavity configurations.
01 Jul 2019
TL;DR: Electromagnetic compatibility problems that arise when using telecommunications equipment in a hard electromagnetic environment, such as industrial zones and in energy facilities, and testing techniques for damped oscillatory wave immunity test are discussed.
Abstract: In this paper we discuss electromagnetic compatibility problems that arise when using telecommunications equipment in a hard electromagnetic environment, such as industrial zones and in energy facilities. There is shown the specific criteria for telecommunication equipment immunity tests. Testing techniques for damped oscillatory wave immunity test discussed in detail. Simulation and calculation are carried out, on the basis of which a scheme for constructing a test simulator for the noise immunity of an oscillating wave is proposed. An overview of methods and means of protection against damped oscillatory wave interference are include. We show the possible methods and means of protection against damped oscillatory wave interference.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a nanocrystalline (NC) material for EMI suppression was compared to the most conventional ceramic ferrite cores such as MnZn and NiZn.
Abstract: The interconnection of different electronic devices or systems through cables is becoming more difficult due to the hard restrictions related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in order to comply with requirements. Therefore, the use of EMC components is a good solution to manage the problems associated with the filtering of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in cables and to pass the compliance test. In this sense, sleeve ferrite cores become a very interesting solution since they can be set around a wire and, hence, they provide an effective solution against EMI without having to redesign the electronic circuit. This contribution is focused on the characterization of the performance of a sleeve ferrite core based on a novel nanocrystalline (NC) novel material for EMI suppression and comparing it to the most conventional ceramic ferrite cores such as MnZn and NiZn. The research highlights the suitability of an NC novel component in terms of its magnetic properties to reduce EMI within the conducted emissions range. This range is generally defined by the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) test standards frequency band that covers from 150 kHz up to 30 MHz (108 MHz in the case of CISPR 25). First, this study presents a description of the main parameters that define the behavior of NC and ceramic cores and, secondly, by analyzing the data obtained from experimental procedures, it is possible to directly determine the insertion loss parameter. Hence, this characterization procedure is used to obtain the performance of NC material compared to the conventional sleeve ferrite core compositions employed to filter the interferences in this problematic frequency range. As can be deduced from the results obtained, an NC sleeve ferrite core provides the best performance in terms of EMI filtering within a significant frequency range between 100 kHz and 100 MHz.
TL;DR: In this paper, an electromagnetic topology (EMT) based model and analysis method for vehicle-level EMI prediction is presented, which decomposes an EV into multi-subsystems and transforms electromagnetic coupling paths into network parameters.
Abstract: The popularity of the electric vehicle (EV) brings us many challenges of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Automotive manufacturers are obliged to keep their products in compliance with EMC regulations. However, the EV is a complex system composed of various electromagnetic interferences (EMI), sensitive equipment and complicated coupling paths, which pose great challenges to the efficient troubleshooting of EMC problems. This paper presents an electromagnetic topology (EMT) based model and analysis method for vehicle-level EMI prediction, which decomposes an EV into multi-subsystems and transforms electromagnetic coupling paths into network parameters. This way, each part could be modelled separately with different technologies and vehicle-level EMI was able to be predicted by algebra calculations. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by comparing predicted vehicle-radiated emissions at low frequency with experimental results, and application to the troubleshooting of emission problems.
TL;DR: This paper can provide guidelines for the electro magnetic compatibility (EMC) design of the high frequency isolated quasi Z-source inverter and provide the theoretical basis for the EMI optimizationDesign of the power electronic system.
Abstract: The high frequency isolated quasi Z-source inverter is a new type of inverter, which is suitable for photovoltaic generation system because of its high lift to voltage ratio, transient bridge direct access and electrical isolation.With the increase of its power density, the working frequency of its semiconductor switching devices is increasing. Switching devices in high-frequency states generate a large amount of electromagnetic noise, affecting the normal operation of surrounding electrical equipment and threatening the stability of the power grid. For the optimization of electromagnetic compatibility of high frequency isolation quasi Z-source inverter, using pulse width modulation (PWM) chaotic modulation technology, put forward using Chen multi-scroll chaotic system and traditional PWM are combined, using the new PWM control technology can inhibit electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the noise source, effectively reduce the high frequency isolation quasi Z-source switch frequency and its harmonics noise power, and optimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output current by analyzing the chaotic modulation coefficient. Finally, the correctness of the theory is verified by Saber simulation and circuit test. This paper can provide guidelines for the electro magnetic compatibility (EMC) design of the high frequency isolated quasi Z-source inverter and provide the theoretical basis for the EMI optimization design of the power electronic system.
01 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a quasistatic analysis of the ultrashort pulse propagation was performed in structures with single and triple modal reservation (MR) on the prototype printed circuit board based on the path of 50 Ohm.
Abstract: The paper considers the relevance of research on the efficient use of cold standby by means of modal reservation (MR) methods in order to increase resistance to ultrashort pulses. A quasistatic analysis of the ultrashort pulse propagation was performed in structures with single and triple MR on the prototype printed circuit board based on the path of 50 Ohm. The faults of two types were considered: a short circuit and an open circuit. The analysis showed that for a single MR the amplitude of the output voltage increased by 38%, so the attenuation of the ultrashort pulse decreased from 2.3 to 1.7 times. For a triple MR it is shown that the greater the electromagnetic coupling between the standby and one of the three conductors with failure, the greater the deviation, which reaches 36.5%. It was revealed that in case of failure, it is advisable to switch to a circuit whose electromagnetic coupling is less.
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Assessment of impact of higher harmonics on the operation of variablefrequency electric drive systems used in processing units at mining enterprises found energy saving and reducing maintenance costs for processing units on one hand, as well as losses due to their incorrect selection and electromagnetic compatibility distortion on the other.
Abstract: The article deals with the assessment of impact of higher harmonics on the operation of variablefrequency electric drive systems used in processing units at mining enterprises. Beyond that, energy efficiency and operation experience of variable-frequency electric drive usage at mining enterprises were studied. The advantages and drawbacks of implementation of variable-frequency electric drive systems were found. They include energy saving and reducing maintenance costs for processing units on one hand, as well as losses due to their incorrect selection and electromagnetic compatibility distortion on the other hand.
TL;DR: The results of field measurements of the LV access impedance reveal a diverse frequency-dependent behavior of the access impedance in different scenarios, depending on the grid topology, the number of end users, and the type of transformation center.
Abstract: The access impedance of low-voltage (LV) power networks is a major factor related to the performance of the narrow-band power line communications (NB-PLCs) and, in a wider sense, to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. Up to date, there is still a lack of knowledge about the frequency-dependent access impedance for frequencies above 9 kHz and up to 500 kHz, which is the band where the NB-PLC operates. The access impedance affects the transmission of the NB-PLC signal, and it determines the propagation of the non-intentional emissions that may disturb other electrical devices, including malfunctioning or reduced lifetime of equipment. This paper presents the results of field measurements of the LV access impedance up to 500 kHz in different scenarios, with measurement locations close to end users and near transformers. The results provide useful information to analyze the characteristics of the LV access impedance, including variation with frequency, ranges of values for different frequency bands, and analysis of specific phenomena. Moreover, the results reveal a diverse frequency-dependent behavior of the access impedance in different scenarios, depending on the grid topology, the number of end users (that is, number and type of connected loads), and the type of transformation center. Overall, the results of this paper offer a better understanding of the transmission of NB-PLC signals and EMC-related phenomena.
01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: A test setup consisting of an electric vehicle traction system used in parallel to a 2-wire Ethernet communication via an UTP cable is used to investigate the impact of the disturbances from HV battery cables on the immunity and the signal integrity of the Ethernet communication.
Abstract: Beside the electrification of vehicle traction systems, the implementation of autonomous driving functions is the main future trend in the automotive sector. For the realization of autonomous driving a large number of sensors is required. Due to the large amount of data needed for autonomous driving, the data rates of the conventional communication systems are not sufficient and therefore, new communication systems such as 100Base-T1 are implemented in the vehicle architecture. On the other side, in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, the electrical traction system operates at voltages beyond 400 V in close proximity to the sensors and communication lines. To ensure the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the overall vehicle, the traction system is entirely shielded and isolated form the other vehicle systems. However, the communication channel for the automotive Ethernet is realized using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, which is prone to electromagnetic disturbances. As a result, the EMC coupling between these high voltage (HV) traction systems and the communication channels is an important aspect, which requires a comprehensive investigation. In this work a test setup consisting of an electric vehicle traction system is used in parallel to a 2-wire Ethernet communication via an UTP cable. The setup is used to investigate the impact of the disturbances from HV battery cables on the immunity and the signal integrity of the Ethernet communication.
TL;DR: The current status of international standards relating to measurement uncertainty is reviewed and a selection of recent developments in analytical and computational modeling of uncertainty and empirical UQ is reviewed.
Abstract: In Part I of this two-part contribution on uncertainty quantification (UQ) in electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference, the current status of international standards relating to measurement uncertainty is reviewed. Here in Part II, a selection of recent developments in analytical and computational modeling of uncertainty and empirical UQ is reviewed.
TL;DR: The converter is found to be a source of conducted EMI under light loading conditions adversely affecting the systems’ stability and a non-feedback control technique is implemented to mitigate the instabilities caused by EMI and make the system electromagneticaly compatible.
Abstract: Practically, power electronic circuits (PECs) generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) which influence the operation of electronic equipment and may create instabilities. PECs must comply with electromagnetic compatibility standards for stable periodic operation but indeed fail under certain conditions. This study reports the effect of conducted EMI in a current mode controlled higher-order DC–DC converter fed from a pulsating DC voltage instead of a stiff DC voltage. The converter is found to be a source of conducted EMI under light loading conditions adversely affecting the systems’ stability. A non-feedback control technique is implemented to mitigate the instabilities caused by EMI and to make the system electromagneticaly compatible. A mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamics involved. Simulation and experimental results are presented to support the analyses documented.
01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple analytical design approach is derived for resistive-capacitive (RC) snubbers, aiming to damp the oscillations caused by widebandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices in power electronic switching cells.
Abstract: This paper introduces an effortless design procedure for resistive-capacitive (RC) snubbers, aiming to damp the oscillations caused by wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices in power electronic switching cells. Not only do overvoltages stress the semiconductor devices, the oscillations may also raise electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. Although RC snubbers are popular as damping elements, most existing design strategies are very complex. In this paper, a simple analytical design approach is derived. The resulting closed-form expressions for the snubber parameters ensure maximum damping and enable a well-founded design in very little time. To validate the approach, double-pulse measurements are conducted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with an RC-snubbered WBG switching cell. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical findings.
TL;DR: An efficient modeling and optimization method by employing artificial neural network (ANN), which is accurate and time saving in training procedure, is proposed to model an EMI filter and can establish a more accurate EMI Filter model and optimize the design of the E MI filter more efficiently.
Abstract: In power electronic devices, high-speed switching often causes serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. For compliance with electromagnetic compatibility standards, EMI filters are widely used. This article develops an efficient modeling and optimization method of EMI filter by employing artificial neural network (ANN). A partly connected ANN, which is accurate and time saving in training procedure, is proposed to model an EMI filter. Moreover, genetic algorithm and the EMI filter model based on the partly connected ANN are applied to optimizing the EMI filter. Through comparing simulated and measured results of insertion loss of EMI filter, the proposed modeling and optimization method is validated. Compared to equivalent circuit model and electromagnetic model, the proposed method can establish a more accurate EMI filter model and can optimize the design of the EMI filter more efficiently.