Showing papers on "Geothermal desalination published in 2017"
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art in present seawater desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, was explored, while identifying future opportunities in step improvements to conventional technologies and development of emerging, potentially disruptive, technologies through advances in material science, process engineering, and system integration.
487 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a state-of-the-art review on energy, water and environment interconnection and future energy efficient desalination possibilities to save energy and protect environment.
479 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the importance of water resources in modern societies and the challenges facing modern societies, while water covers about two thirds of the surface of the earth, while air covers less than one third of it.
397 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the current status of energy use for seawater desalination, discusses the minimum energy demand for production of fresh water and presents key factors that influence the desalification plant energy demand.
325 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, various solar thermal desalination methods such as direct and indirect methods have been discussed The indirect methods are preferable for medium and large scale Desalination systems, whereas the direct methods employing the solar stills are more suitable for small scale systems.
Abstract: Most of the desalination systems are energy intensive, which consume high grade energy like gas, electricity, oil and fossil fuels These processes lead to carbon footprints, which causes depletion of ozone layer as well as health hazards on mankind It is also lead to global warming which is the burning topic and becomes threat to life sustainability The potential of harnessing solar energy is most efficient and effective for heat to heat conversion The thermal desalination is a low temperature application processes with one time investment for life time water production up to 10 to 15 years In this paper, various solar thermal desalination methods such as direct and indirect methods have been discussed The indirect methods are preferable for medium and large scale desalination systems, whereas the direct methods employing the solar stills are more suitable for small scale systems The performance of the low cost solar stills can be improved with simple modification by using various locally available materials These low cost stills can be easily and economically fabricated for meeting daily need of the fresh drinking water These low cost solar stills are sufficient for the small households and communities living in islands, coastal areas It can also be uses for distillation of brackish water for the population residing near river banks Such a system also suitable for the fluoride affected area to remove fluoride from the water The low cost solar stills are sufficient for removal of arsenic, mercury, cadmium, coliform, virus and bacteria
259 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a completely passive, modular, and low-cost solar thermal distiller for seawater desalination is presented, where each distillation stage is made of two opposed hydrophilic layers separated by a hydrophobic microporous membrane and it does not require further mechanical ancillaries.
Abstract: Although seawater is abundant, desalination is energy-intensive and expensive. Using the sun as an energy source is attractive for desalinating seawater; however, the performance of state-of-the-art passive devices is unsatisfactory when operated at less than one sun ($<$ $1$ $kW$ $m^{-2}$). Here, we present a completely passive, modular, and low-cost solar thermal distiller for seawater desalination. Each distillation stage is made of two opposed hydrophilic layers separated by a hydrophobic microporous membrane, and it does not require further mechanical ancillaries. Under realistic laboratory and outdoor conditions, we obtained a distillate flow rate of almost $3$ $L$ $m^{-2}$ $h^{-1}$ from seawater at less than one sun - twice the yield of recent passive device reported in the literature. In perspective, theoretical modelling suggests that the distiller has the potential to further doubling the peak flow rate observed in the current experiments. This layout can satisfy freshwater needs in isolated and impoverished communities, as well as realize self-sufficient floating installations or provide freshwater in emergency conditions.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, reverse osmosis water desalination plants powered by PV and solar RC cycle systems are reviewed in detail and it is shown that it is not recommended to use batteries with PV to drive RO desalification plants because of the high capital and replacement cost of batteries.
Abstract: In this work, reverse osmosis water desalination plants powered by PV and solar RC cycle systems are reviewed in detail. This review focused on the display of different designs and software used to improve productivity of the desalination plants as well as the types of solar collectors used, membrane, heat transfer fluid and working fluid of the Rankine cycle. The specific energy consumption and cost of fresh water production are also of great interest in this work. According to the results presented in this review it is not recommended to use batteries with PV to drive RO desalination plants because of the high capital and replacement cost of batteries. It is also found that when the energy recovery devices are used, the pre-heating of feed water is not required, especially in the case of PV-RO systems. Currently most of working RO plants are driven by PV, whereas solar thermal power systems (usually using PTC with ORC) are still at the stage of theoretical research. Although, the PTC-ORC-RO desalination system is recommended, it has not yet been implemented on a large scale.
112 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the operation of seven different (off-grid) power systems (wind-photovoltaic-diesel-battery) used to satisfy the electrical energy demand of a small-scale reverse osmosis system with a capacity of 1m3/h used on Bozcaada Island, Turkey.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors refute some unsubstantiated claims regarding the energy demand and environmental impacts of reverse osmosis desalination and show that brine discharge from these plants have localized minimal impacts on the marine environment.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid renewable polygenerative system connected to a district heating and cooling network is presented, which is powered simultaneously by solar and geothermal sources, producing electricity, desalinated water, heat and cooling energy.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated system consisting of industrial heating, space cooling, electrical power and fresh water is produced by multigeneration system using solar, geothermal and ocean thermal energy inputs.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified Kalina cycle is coupled to a reverse osmosis system to provide heating, cooling and power and potable water, and the sensitivity analysis shows that there is an optimum value for the flash pressure and inlet pressure to the first separator which should be selected wisely.
TL;DR: In this article, a seawater freeze desalination prototype system is designed and manufactured, in which R410A is chosen as the secondary refrigerant to transfer cold energy from LNG to seawater, and a flake ice-maker is adopted to produce ice.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of reverse osmosis brine recycling employing adsorption desalination on overall system desalinated water recovery was investigated and the results showed that the proposed combination system recovery increases and permeate salinity decreases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the process of desalination powered by wave power has been investigated and a review paper has been published, where the authors investigated the feasibility of using wave power for water desalinization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the efficacy of a multi-effect distillation (MED) system operated with thermocline energy from the sea, which can exploit the narrow temperature gradient of 20°C all year round created between the warm surface seawater and the cold-seawater at depths of about 300-600m.
TL;DR: In this article, an electrodialysis (ED) based in-home water treatment system was designed and experimentally shown to achieve a recovery of 80% of the feed water supplied as usable product water.
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive framework for the techno-economic evaluation of the subsurface and surface components of low-grade geothermal was proposed, focusing on a pre-feasibility study for Western Australia, the influence of different cost drivers, especially the often overlooked geothermal well field parameters like permeability, so as to permit rational assessments of potential application sites.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of numerical simulation of an abandoned oil well in the Southern part of Iran, in “Ahwaz oil field”, is used for simulation of multi-effect seawater desalination process which uses oil well as a heat source and can approximately produce 565m 3 /day of fresh water.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight recent emerging approaches that aim at reducing the energy consumption hence the production cost of water in desalination technology, and highlight the advances made in membrane science and technology, development of emerging desalinination processes and their integrated system as well as the use of renewable energy and energy recovery systems have been recognized as effective and feasible solutions towards energy-efficient desalinization to address the water crisis.
Abstract: Global water shortages across all continents have led to an explosive practice of desalination. However, desalination has been undeniably recognized as among the most energy-intensive techniques for creating clean and safe water supply. Cost reduction in different aspects is necessary to make desalination processes affordable and accessible. In fact, the cost of water from desalination facilities is momentously impacted by the energy requirements for the water production. As the water production cost cannot be separated from the issue of energy, desalination community is continuously seeking ways to further reduce the energy consumption. Current research focuses on assessing and alleviating the major energy issues find ways to improve energy efficiency of desalination facilities, and subsequently paving the way for overall cost reduction. Improving process and material efficiencies implies the improved water quality and the quantity produced per unit of energy consumed. This review highlights recent emerging approaches that aim at reducing the energy consumption hence the production cost of water in desalination technology. In brief, the advances made in membrane science and technology, development of emerging desalination processes and their integrated system as well as the use of renewable energy and energy recovery systems have been recognized as effective and feasible solutions towards energy-efficient desalination to address the water crisis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a dynamic mathematical model of a spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane module aiming to investigate the mass transfer in the membrane under non-constant operating conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the specific energy consumption (SEC) of seawater desalination process and applied the passive vacuum pipe based on the hydrostatic head for further reduction of the SEC.
TL;DR: In this article, an energy-efficient hybrid desalination process for high salinity brackish water was proposed, which couples flow capacitive deionization (FCDI) with nanofiltration (NF).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a zero-waste, energy efficient, and therefore sustainable desalination strategy, Zero Thermal Input Membrane Distillation (ZTIMD), which is demonstrated to be economically more effective than existing seawater desalification technologies by simulation based on a single-pass Direct Contact Membranes Distillation process using surface seawater as the feed and bottom seawater, as the coolant.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of desalination technologies and discuss the thermodynamic efficiencies and operational issues associated with the various technologies particularly with regard to high salinity streams.
Abstract: This review provides an overview of desalination technologies and discusses the thermodynamic efficiencies and operational issues associated with the various technologies particularly with regard to high salinity streams. When water is recovered from a saline source, a brine concentrate stream is produced. Management of the brine stream can be problematic, particularly in inland regions. An alternative to brine disposal is recovery of water and possibly salts from the concentrate. Due to the high osmotic pressures of the brine concentrates, reverse osmosis, the most common desalination technology, is impractical. Mechanical vapor compression which, like reverse osmosis, utilizes mechanical work to operate, is reported to have the highest thermodynamic efficiency of the desalination technologies for treatment of salt-saturated brines. Thermally-driven processes, such as flash evaporation and distillation, are technically able to process saturated salt solutions, but suffer from low thermodynamic efficiencies. This inefficiency could be offset if an inexpensive source of waste or renewable heat could be used. Overarching issues posed by high salinity solutions include corrosion and the formation of scales/precipitates. These issues limit the materials, conditions, and unit operation designs that can be used. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an optimization approach for designing water desalination systems involving heat integration and waste heat recovery to reduce the cost, energy consumption, and overall greenhouse gas emissions.
Abstract: Water desalination appears as an attractive alternative to provide fresh water in several parts of the world. However, this process is very expensive due to the high-energy consumption, and as consequence, significant pollution is produced due to the burning of fossil fuels that yield huge emissions of CO2. Furthermore, most of the desalination processes yield a lot of waste heat at low temperature, which can be recovered. Therefore, this paper presents an optimization approach for designing water desalination systems involving heat integration and waste heat recovery to reduce the desalination cost, energy consumption, and overall greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed approach accounts for the optimal selection of existing and emerging desalination technologies based on the heating and cooling requirements and incorporating waste heat recovery systems. The integration of the proposed systems provides power and thermal energy to the desalination task. Also, the proposed approach includes the optimal sele...
TL;DR: In this paper, a siphon flash evaporation desalination system using ocean thermal energy is proposed, and the results show that the exergy efficiency reaches to 7.81% under design conditions; lower surface seawater temperature, higher deep seawater and higher flash temperature can result in an increasing of system efficiency, while the whole energy consumption shall also be taken into consideration.
10 Mar 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the integration of desalination and salt production can be implemented to reuse the brine by recovering water and the valuable salts, which can reduce pollution, minimize waste volume, and recover valuable salt.
Abstract: The scarcity of fresh water due to the rapid growth of population and industrial activities has increased attention on desalination process as an alternative freshwater supply. In desalination process, a large volume of saline water is treated to produce freshwater while a concentrated brine is discharged back into the environment. The concentrated brine contains a high concentration of salt and also chemicals used during desalination operations. Due to environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of the brine and more rigorous regulations of the pollution control, many efforts have been devoted to minimize, treat, or reuse the rejected brine. One of the most promising alternatives for brine handling is reusing the brine which can reduce pollution, minimize waste volume, and recover valuable salt. Integration of desalination and salt production can be implemented to reuse the brine by recovering water and the valuable salts. The integrated processes can achieve zero liquid discharge, increase wat...
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid desalination cycle is proposed by integrating multi cascaded-evaporators (CE) with an adsorption cycle (AD), in which AD desorbed vapors are supplied to the CE to exploit the latent condensation energy within the evaporators arranged in both pressures-temperatures cascaded manner to improves the performance ratio (PR) of the cycle.
Abstract: In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, cogeneration based desalination processes consume almost 25% of the total annual energy and it is increasing at 2.2% annually. The high fresh water demand is attributed to high gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, 24%, and the high water languishes, more than 10%. Over the past two decades, GCC countries have spent tens of billion dollars to expand their present and planned desalination capacities. It is foreseeable that with business-as-usual scenario, the domestic oil consumption of Saudi Arabia may exceed its production capacity by 2040. Innovative and sustainable water production solutions are needed urgently for future water supplies without environment impact. In this paper, a hybrid desalination cycle is proposed by integrating multi cascaded-evaporators (CE) with an adsorption cycle (AD). In this new innovative cycle, AD desorbed vapors are supplied to the CE to exploit the latent condensation energy within the evaporators arranged in both pressures-temperatures cascaded manner to improves the performance ratio (PR) of the cycle. Hybrid cycle shows more than 10 folds water production improvement as compared to conventional AD cycle due to synergetic effect. This concept is demonstrated in a laboratory pilot plant using a 3 cascaded evaporators pilot and simulation of 8 evaporators hybrid cycle.
TL;DR: In this article, an LT-MED system integrated with a novel Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power (PT-CSP) plant whose reference cycle is called DEC, Discrete Ericsson Cycle which uses air as heat transfer fluid.