Showing papers on "Information sharing published in 2014"

Content sharing in a social broadcasting environment: evidence from twitter

Abstract: The rise of social broadcasting technologies has greatly facilitated open access to information worldwide, not only by powering decentralized information production and consumption, but also by expediting information diffusion through social interactions like content sharing. Voluntary information sharing by users in the context of Twitter, the predominant social broadcasting site, is studied by modeling both the technology and user behavior. A detailed data set about the official content-sharing function on Twitter, called retweet, is collected and the statistical relationships between users' social network characteristics and their retweeting acts are documented. A two-stage consumption-sharing model is then estimated using the conditional maximum likelihood estimatio (MLE) method. The empirical results convincingly support our hypothesis that weak ties (in the form of unidirectional links) are more likely to engage in the social exchange process of content sharing. Specifically, we find that after a median quality tweet (as defined in the sample) is consumed, the likelihood that a unidirectional follower will retweet is 3.1 percentage point higher than the likelihood that a bidirectional follower will do so.

Trust, Trustworthiness, and Information Sharing in Supply Chains Bridging China and the United States

Abstract: Whether and how trust and trustworthiness differ between a collectivist society, e.g., China, and an individualistic one, e.g., the United States, generates much ongoing scientific debate and bears significant practical values for managing cross-country transactions. We experimentally investigate how supply chain members' countries of origin—China versus the United States—affect trust, trustworthiness, and strategic information sharing behavior in a cross-country supply chain. We consider a two-tier supply chain in which the upstream supplier solicits demand forecast information from the retailer to plan production; but the retailer has an incentive to manipulate her forecast to ensure abundant supply. The levels of trust and trustworthiness in the supply chain and supplier's capability to determine the optimal production quantity affect the efficacy of forecast sharing and the resulting profits. We develop an experimental design to disentangle these three aspects and to allow for real-time interactions b...

The Effects of Competitive Environment on Supply Chain Information Sharing and Performance: An Empirical Study in China

Abstract: Information sharing in supply chains has become an important topic over the past decade. This study uses data from 617 Chinese manufacturing firms to investigate the relationships among competitive environments, supply chain information sharing (SCIS), and supply chain performance. The results of structural equation modeling analysis show that (i) international competition is positively related to all three types of SCIS whereas local competition is not significantly related to any of the three types, (ii) internal information sharing is positively related to external information sharing with suppliers and customers, and (iii) internal information sharing and information sharing with customers are positively related to superior supply chain performance, whereas supplier information sharing is not significantly related to performance. The findings enhance our understanding of the relationships among competitive environment, SCIS, and supply chain performance in Chinese manufacturing settings.

Social capital, information sharing and performance: Evidence from China

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of social resources on promoting information sharing practice and, thereby, improving firm performance. In particular, the authors are interested in addressing the following research questions. First, can the development of social capital (expressed in three dimensions: cognitive capital, structural capital, and relational capital) promote the content and quality of supply chain information sharing? Second, what are the relationships among the three social capital dimensions in the context of information sharing? Third, what are the effects of shared information (content and quality) on firm performance? Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical model and several research hypotheses, well-grounded in the western literature, are developed. Data from 272 manufacturers in China were collected to test the model and the hypotheses. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical analysis. Findings – The statistical results reveal that each s...

Generation Y's dining information seeking and sharing behavior on social networking sites: An exploratory study

Abstract: Purpose – Since the advent of the internet, social networking sites (SNS) have grown rapidly in popularity. This paper aims to explore Generation Y's information seeking and sharing behavior with regard to information about SNS; it also investigates the impact of consumer characteristics and gender differences on information seeking and sharing behaviors, to help marketers and researchers gain better insight into Generation Y consumers and social media marketing. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered survey was conducted among Generation Y college students. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were employed to address the research questions. Findings – Generation Y'ers are heavy users of SNS. Consumer opinion leadership (COL) and consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence (CSII) affect Generation Y's dining information seeking and sharing behavior on SNS. No gender differences emerged. Research limitations/implications – This research exten...

Theoretical perspectives on information sharing in supply chains: a systematic literature review and conceptual framework

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore what theoretical lenses have been used to analyze and understand information sharing in supply chains. The paper elaborates on the predominant theories and discusses how they can be integrated to research different aspects of information sharing. Design/methodology/approach – The paper carried out a structured literature review by using a combination of selected keywords to search for peer-reviewed articles in ten journals. Findings – The findings suggest that four out of ten reviewed articles explicitly apply one or more theoretical lenses. The predominant theories used include transaction cost economics, contingency theory, resource-based view, resource dependency theory and relational governance theories such as the relational view and social exchange theory. Research limitations/implications – These theories can be applied to analyze different aspects of information sharing. By using the theories in a complementary way, it is possible to increase our u...

Taxonomy Model for Cyber Threat Intelligence Information Exchange Technologies

Abstract: The cyber threat intelligence information exchange ecosystem is a holistic approach to the automated sharing of threat intelligence. For automation to succeed, it must handle tomorrow's attacks, not just yesterday's. There are numerous ontologies that attempt to enable the sharing of cyber threats, such as OpenIOC, STIX, and IODEF. To date, most ontologies are based on various use cases. Ontology developers collect threat indicators that through experi-ence seem to be useful for exchange. This approach is pragmatic and offers a collection of useful threat indicators in real-world scenarios. However, such a selection method is episodic. What is useful today may not be useful tomorrow. What we consider to be chaff or too hard to share today might become a critically im-portant piece of information. Therefore, in addition to use case-based ontology, ontologies need to be based on first principles. In this document we propose taxonomy for classifying threat-sharing technologies. The purpose of this taxonomy is to classify existing technologies using an agnostic framework, identify gaps in existing technologies, and explain their differences from a sci-entific perspective. We are currently working on a thesaurus that will describe, compare, and classify detailed cyber security terms. This paper focuses on the classification of the ontologies them-selves.

Information sharing and interoperability: the case of major incident management

Abstract: Public sector inter-organisational information sharing and interoperability is an area of increasing concern and intense investment for practice and an area of increasing scholarship. This paper focuses on one particular set of public sector organisations (emergency services) and illuminates the key technological and organisational issues they face concerning information sharing and interoperability. The particular contexts in which these are studied are ones where decisions are non-trivial and made in high-velocity environments. In these conditions the problems and significance of inter-organisational information sharing and interoperability are accentuated. We analyse data gathered from two studies: the first focused on ‘first responders’ (police, fire and ambulance services) in the United Kingdom. The second, a follow on study, with emergency service managers and interoperability project managers in the United Kingdom and the European Union. Using activity theory as a conceptual framework we describe the informational problems critical emergency responders face in their initial response to, and management of, an incident. We argue that rather than focusing on interoperability as a primarily technological issue it should be managed as an organisational and informational issue. Second, we argue that rather than designing for anomalous situations we should design systems, which will function during both anomalous and routine situations. Third, we argue for focus on harmonisation of policies, procedures and working practices.

Information sharing in supply chains, myth or reality? A critical analysis of empirical literature

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate what empirical evidence exists regarding benefits of information sharing in supply chains, and to identify potential gaps and opportunities in this research area. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted an in-depth, systematic literature review and multilevel analysis of 82 selected articles. In the analysis, the authors investigated: whether the articles applied the supply chain as the unit of analysis; the selected research method; whether the articles applied the supply chain as the unit of data collection (i.e. collected data from three or more different companies); and finally, aspects of information sharing – including benefits. Findings – Despite anecdotal descriptions of benefits from information sharing in supply chains, the authors could not find empirical evidence to support these claims. Rather, the main body of literature reports on a focal company's perspective on traditional buyer-supplier relationships. Research limitations/...

Effects of managerial ties and trust on supply chain information sharing and supplier opportunism

Abstract: Managerial ties and trust are important factors in facilitating collaboration and reducing opportunistic behaviour. There is, however, a lack of empirical evidence on how these relational factors influence the sharing of information among supply chain partners. For example, do stronger managerial ties help to improve supply chain information sharing (SCIS) and reduce supplier opportunism? To what extent SCIS is influenced by managerial ties and trust? How do managerial ties interact with trust in influencing SCIS? Using data from 272 Chinese manufacturers, this paper examines the impact of managerial ties and trust on SCIS and supplier opportunism. The results show that, through trust managerial ties can significantly influence the extent of information sharing and the quality of the information shared. Managerial ties also have a direct impact on the extent of information sharing, but not on the quality of the information shared. The main implication for management practice is that the quality of the inf...

The value of information sharing in a multi-product, multi-level supply chain: Impact of product substitution, demand correlation, and partial information sharing

Abstract: The literature on the value of information sharing within a supply chain is extensive. The bulk of the literature has focused on two-level supply chains that supply a single product. However, modern supply chains often have more than two levels and supply many products. Because many of these products are variants of the same base product, they tend to be substitutes and their demands correlated. Further, achieving supply-chain-wide information sharing in a multi-level supply chain is challenging because different firms may have different levels of incentives to share information. We analyze the value of information sharing using a comprehensive supply chain that has multiple levels, may have different degrees of information sharing, and supplies multiple products that may have different levels of substitutability and whose demands could be correlated to different degrees. Our analysis shows that substitution among the different products reduces the value of information sharing for all firms in the supply chain. The reduction is higher (i) for firms that are more upstream, (ii) when the degree of substitution is higher, (iii) when the number of substitutable products is higher, (iv) when the demands of products are more correlated, and (v) when the degree of information sharing is higher. Our results suggest that firms, especially those that are upstream in the supply chain, may face a significant risk of over-estimating the value of information sharing if they ignore substitution, demand correlation, and partial information sharing effects.

Relationships between quality of information sharing and supply chain food quality in the Australian beef processing industry

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze supply chain practices, and supply chain food quality performance indicator in the Australian beef processing industry. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model was developed to test how supply chain practices: strategic alliance, customer focus, information sharing, information quality, Lean system and antecedent cooperative behavior: trust and commitment impact on food quality. A survey questionnaire to 600 Australian beef processors was conducted to collect the empirical data for testing of the formulated hypotheses. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings – Strategic alliance, information quality and trust and commitment are significantly related to food quality. In particular, the standardized coefficient shows that information quality has a significant positive relationship with food quality. Research limitations/implications – As Lean principles have been widely adopted in the ...

Shared leadership, diversity, and information sharing in teams

Abstract: Purpose – Shared leadership is increasingly important in today's organizations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between shared leadership and team performance, the moderating role of demographic diversity and the mediating role of information sharing on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The research used a field study design, quantitative data of employees from two different organizations. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling analyses. Findings – Shared leadership was positively associated with team performance and this association was mediated by information sharing. Demographic diversity moderated the relationship between shared leadership and team performance, such that shared leadership was more strongly associated with team performance in more diverse teams and less in less diverse teams. Research limitations/implications – The results found support for moderating and mediating variables, explaining under what conditions and how shared leadership...

Security Automation and Threat Information-Sharing Options

Abstract: Security information sharing isn't a new concept. Various government organizations and security vendors have been creating security collateral that's consumed by their products and services. Given the expansion of security in the IT world, security collateral needs to be interoperable and sharable between organizations to be used efficiently. To achieve this, there have been multiple attempts to standardize security information sharing over the past decade. This article presents the basic features of these schemes, identifies the problems they're trying to solve, and summarizes areas where they overlap and differ. The author addresses the most common questions and concerns raised in the industry when information is shared among vendors and helps organizations develop a common understanding of the options available and adopt those that serve their purpose.

Expectations and Perceptions of Benefits, Barriers, and Success in Public Sector Knowledge Networks

Abstract: As public programs become more complex and interdependent, their effectiveness increasingly relies on interorganizational networks in which knowledge and information are the main currencies of interaction. This paper reports the results of a study of seven knowledge-networking projects in New York State government. Each project was followed for 3 years as a case study. In addition, the participants took part in two surveys that gathered expectations at the beginning of the study and perceptions of actual experience near the end. The surveys focus on the benefits, barriers, and extent of success associated with knowledge and information sharing. The results show that prior expectations changed as a result of experience. After engaging in the projects for more than 2 years, participants perceived that achieved benefits of knowledge networking were not as great as they expected and the barriers were not as formidable. In addition, the survey shows that organizational and individual networking successes are s...

A Survey of Privacy Preserving Data Publishing using Generalization and Suppression

Abstract: Nowadays, information sharing as an indispensable part appears in our vision, bringing about a mass of discussions about methods and techniques of privacy preserving data publishing which are regarded as strong guarantee to avoid information disclosure and protect individuals' privacy. Recent work focuses on propos ing different anonymity algorithms for varying data publishing scenarios to satisfy privacy requirements, and keep data utility at the same time. K-anonymity has been proposed for privacy preserving data publishing, which can prevent linkage attacks by the means of anonymity operation, such as generalization and suppression. Numerous anonymity algorithms have been utilized for achieving k-anonymity. This paper provides an overview of the development of privacy preserving data publishing, which is restricted to the scope of anonymity alg orithms using generalization and suppression. The privacy preserving models for attack is introduced at first. An overview of seve ral anonymity operations follow behind. The most important part is the coverage of anonymity algorithms and information metric which is essential ingredient of algorithms. The conclusion and perspective are proposed finally.

How information-sharing values influence the use of information systems

Abstract: We examine the effects of information-sharing values on BIS success dimensions relationships.Information use depends on information quality, but not on system quality.An increase in information-sharing values is reflected in increased information quality.Information-sharing values are not directly linked to information use.Information-sharing values negatively affect the information quality-information use link. Although the constituents of information systems (IS) success and their relationships have been well documented in the business value of information technology (IT) and strategic IS literature, our understanding of how information-sharing values affect the relationships among IS success dimensions is limited. In response, we conduct a quantitative study of 146 medium and large firms that have implemented a business intelligence system in their operations. Our results highlight that in the business intelligence systems context information-sharing values are not directly linked to IT-enabled information use, yet they act as significant moderators of information systems success dimensions relationships.

Anonymity Versus Privacy: Selective Information Sharing in Online Cancer Communities

Abstract: Background: Active sharing in online cancer communities benefits patients. However, many patients refrain from sharing health information online due to privacy concerns. Existing research on privacy emphasizes data security and confidentiality, largely focusing on electronic medical records. Patient preferences around information sharing in online communities remain poorly understood. Consistent with the privacy calculus perspective adopted from e-commerce research, we suggest that patients approach online information sharing instrumentally, weighing privacy costs against participation benefits when deciding whether to share certain information. Consequently, we argue that patients prefer sharing clinical information over daily life and identity information that potentially compromises anonymity. Furthermore, we explore whether patients’ prior experiences, age, health, and gender affect perceived privacy costs and thus willingness to share information. Objective: The goal of the present study is to document patient preferences for sharing information within online health platforms. Methods: A total of 115 cancer patients reported sharing intentions for 15 different types of information, demographics, health status, prior privacy experiences, expected community utility, and privacy concerns. Results: Factor analysis on the 15 information types revealed 3 factors coinciding with 3 proposed information categories: clinical, daily life, and identity information. A within-subject ANOVA showed a strong preference for sharing clinical information compared to daily life and identity information ( F 1,114 =135.59, P =.001, η 2 =.93). Also, adverse online privacy experiences, age, and health status negatively affected information-sharing intentions. Female patients shared information less willingly. Conclusions: Respondents’ information-sharing intentions depend on dispositional and situational factors. Patients share medical details more willingly than daily life or identity information. The results suggest the need to focus on anonymity rather than privacy in online communities. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(5):e126]

Strategic Information Sharing in Competing Channels

Abstract: We investigate strategic information sharing in two competing channels. The retailer in a channel can ex post decide whether to share private demand information with his upstream manufacturer after the content of information becomes known. We find that a retailer discloses low demand and withholds high demand to induce lower wholesale prices from his manufacturer. We show that a retailer should share less information when the retail market becomes more competitive, but should disclose more information when his capability to acquire information improves. When a decentralized supply chain competes with an integrated channel, we show that firms in the supply chain benefit from the rival channel's effort to improve information capability, that the incentive for the retailer in the supply chain to improve his information capability increases with the intensity of competition and with the rival channel's information capability, and that the retailer may not want to pursue perfect information acquisition even when doing so is costless. Extensive numerical studies demonstrate that similar results also hold for two decentralized supply chains competing with each other.

Digital campus scheme

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital campus scheme The digital campus scheme specifically comprises (1) user management; (2) data storage; (3) setting of an information management system including (3a) a comprehensive teaching affair management system, (3b) a scientific research management system, (3c) an equipment asset management system, (3d) a human resource management system, (3e) a financial management system and (3f) a foreign affair management system; (4) setting of an information service system; (5) setting of an online working system; (6) setting of a digital library; (7) electronic commerce; (8) security management module The digital campus scheme improves informatization application, fully achieves information sharing, integrates multiple functions such as user management and usage, meanwhile, by means of multiple public electronic information platforms, facilitates data sharing, through an online auxiliary teaching system, facilitates usage, and takes full consideration of data security, thereby greatly facilitating campus digitalized construction

Intelligent Supply Chain Integration and Management Based on Cloud of Things

Abstract: The fierce global competition and market turbulence has been forcing the enterprises towards to the integration and intelligence for supply chain management, and the seamless information sharing and collaboration as well as operation agility are the challenges which need to be conquered, in terms of the highly distributed and heterogeneous resources located in separated warehouses. Although a number of works have been done to achieve the aforementioned targets, few of them are able to provide an overall integration and intelligence support for such system management. In this context, a novel intelligent supply chain integration and management system based on Cloud of Things is presented, in order to provide flexible and agile approaches to facilitate the resource sharing and participant collaboration in the whole supply chain life cycle. Furthermore, the enabling technologies, such as intelligent supply chain condition perception, heterogeneous network access convergence, and resource servicisation, are also studied. Finally, a case study together with the prototype system is implemented and demonstrates that the developed system can efficiently realise the integration of supply chain processes in the form of services, and also provide the effective intelligence support for physical resource management, so as to achieve an overall performance assurance for the system operation.

Information Sharing in Supply Chains: An Empirical and Theoretical Valuation

Abstract: We provide an empirical and theoretical assessment of the value of information sharing in a two-stage supply chain. The value of downstream sales information to the upstream firm stems from improving upstream order fulfillment forecast accuracy. Such an improvement can lead to lower safety stock and better service. Based on the data collected from a consumer packaged goods company, we empirically show that, if the company includes the downstream sales data to forecast orders, the improvement in the mean squared forecast error ranges from 7.1% to 81.1% across all studied products. Theoretical models in the literature, however, suggest that the value of information sharing should be zero for over half of our studied products. To reconcile the gap between the literature and the empirical observations, we develop a new theoretical model. Whereas the literature assumes that the decision maker strictly adheres to a given inventory policy, our model allows him to deviate, accounting for private information held by the decision maker, yet unobservable to the econometrician. This turns out to reconcile our empirical findings with the literature. These “decision deviations” lead to information losses in the order process, resulting in a strictly positive value of downstream information sharing. Furthermore, we empirically quantify and show the significance of the value of operations knowledge—the value of knowing the downstream replenishment policy.