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Showing papers on "Lepton published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
Bernard Aubert1, Y. Karyotakis1, J. P. Lees1, V. Poireau1  +488 moreInstitutions (78)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed searches for lepton-flavor-violating decays of a tau lepton to a lighter mass lepton and a photon with the entire data set of (963 +/- 7) x 10(6) tau decays collected by the BABAR detector near the Y(4S), Y(3S) and Y(2S) resonances.
Abstract: Searches for lepton-flavor-violating decays of a tau lepton to a lighter mass lepton and a photon have been performed with the entire data set of (963 +/- 7) x 10(6) tau decays collected by the BABAR detector near the Y(4S), Y(3S) and Y(2S) resonances. The searches yield no evidence of signals and we set upper limits on the branching fractions of B(tau(+/-) -> e(+/-)gamma) mu(+/-)gamma) < 4.4 X 10(-8) at 90% confidence level.

502 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
K. Hayasaka1, K. Inami1, Y. Miyazaki1, K. Arinstein2, K. Arinstein3, V.M. Aulchenko2, V.M. Aulchenko3, T. Aushev4, A. M. Bakich5, A. Bay4, K. Belous, V. Bhardwaj6, M. Bischofberger7, A. Bozek8, M. Bračko9, T. E. Browder, M. C. Chang10, P. Chang11, A. Chen12, Po-Hsun Chen11, B. G. Cheon13, C. C. Chiang11, I. S. Cho14, Y. Choi15, J. Dalseno16, A. Drutskoy17, Semen Eidelman2, Semen Eidelman3, D. Epifanov3, D. Epifanov2, M. Feindt18, N. Gabyshev2, N. Gabyshev3, P. Goldenzweig17, B. Golob19, H. Ha20, J. Haba, B. Y. Han20, H. Hayashii7, Y. Hoshi21, W. S. Hou11, Y. B. Hsiung11, H. J. Hyun22, T. Iijima1, R. Itoh, M. Iwabuchi14, M. Iwasaki23, Y. Iwasaki, J. H. Kang14, T. Kawasaki24, C. Kiesling16, H. J. Kim22, H. O. Kim22, Jung-Hyun Kim15, S. K. Kim25, Y. I. Kim22, Y. J. Kim26, B. R. Ko20, Peter Kodys27, S. Korpar9, P. Križan19, Pavel Krokovny, T. Kumita28, A.S. Kuzmin2, A.S. Kuzmin3, P. Kvasnička27, Y. J. Kwon14, S. H. Kyeong14, J. S. Lange29, M. J. Lee25, Soohyung Lee20, Jennifer S. Li, Chang Liu30, Yang Liu1, D. Liventsev, R. Louvot4, A. Matyja8, S. McOnie5, K. Miyabayashi7, H. Miyata24, R. Mizuk, T. Mori1, E. Nakano31, M. Nakao, H. Nakazawa12, Z. Natkaniec8, S. Nishida, K. Nishimura, O. Nitoh32, S. Ogawa33, T. Ohshima1, S. Okuno34, S. L. Olsen25, P. Pakhlov, G. Pakhlova, C. W. Park15, H. Park22, H. K. Park22, R. Pestotnik, Marko Petrič, L. E. Piilonen35, Anton Poluektov3, Anton Poluektov2, M. Röhrken18, S. Ryu25, H. Sahoo, K. Sakai24, Y. Sakai, O. Schneider4, C. Schwanda36, K. Senyo1, M. E. Sevior37, M. Shapkin, C. P. Shen, J. G. Shiu11, B. Shwartz3, B. Shwartz2, Jasvinder A. Singh6, P. Smerkol, E. Solovieva, M. Starič, T. Sumiyoshi28, Y. Teramoto31, K. Trabelsi, S. Uehara, T. Uglov, Yoshinobu Unno13, S. Uno, Phillip Urquijo37, G. S. Varner, K. Vervink4, C. H. Wang38, P. Wang, Y. Watanabe34, Robin Wedd37, E. Won20, Bruce Yabsley5, Y. Yamashita, C. C. Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang30, T. Zivko, A. Zupanc18, O. Zyukova2, O. Zyukova3 
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for lepton-flavor-violating τ decays into three leptons (electrons or muons) using 782 fb-1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider is presented.

445 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the impact of dark matter annihilation into the three-body final state of the inert doublet model and find that this new annihilation mode dominates, in a relevant portion of the parameter space, over those into two-body initial states considered in previous analysis, as a result, the computati on of the relic density and the viable regions of the model are displaced.
Abstract: The inert doublet model, a minimal extension of the Standard Model by a second higgs doublet with no direct couplings to quarks or leptons, is one of the simplest scenarios that can explain the dark matter In this paper, we study in detail the impact of dark matter annihilation into the three-body final state $ W{W^*}\left( { \to Wf\bar{f}'} \right) $ on the phenomenology of the inert doublet model We find that this new annihilation mode dominates, in a relevant portion of the parameter space, over those into two-body final states considered in previous analysis As a result, the computati on of the relic density is modified and the viable regions of the model are displaced After obtaining the genuine viable regions for different sets of parameters, we compute the direct detection cross section of inert higgs dark matter and find it to be up to two orders of magnitude smaller than what is obtained for two-body final states only Other implications of these results, including the modification to the decay width of the higgs and to the indirect detection signatures of inert higgs dark matter, are also briefly considered We demonstrate, therefore, that the annihilation into the three-body final state WW* can not be neglected, as it has a important impact on the entire phenomenology of the inert do ublet model

246 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
B. Aharmim1, L. C. Stonehill2, L. C. Stonehill3, J. R. Leslie4  +153 moreInstitutions (30)
TL;DR: In this paper, a joint analysis of Phase I and Phase II data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is reported, where the total flux of active-flavor neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun measured using the neutral current (NC) reaction, with no constraint on the 8B neutrino energy spectrum, is found to be FNC=5.5 MeV, the lowest analysis threshold yet achieved with water Cherenkov detector data.
Abstract: Results are reported from a joint analysis of Phase I and Phase II data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The effective electron kinetic energy threshold used is Teff=3.5 MeV, the lowest analysis threshold yet achieved with water Cherenkov detector data. In units of 106 cm-2 s-1, the total flux of active-flavor neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun measured using the neutral current (NC) reaction of neutrinos on deuterons, with no constraint on the 8B neutrino energy spectrum, is found to be FNC=5.140-0.158+0.160(stat)-0.117+0.132(syst). These uncertainties are more than a factor of 2 smaller than previously published results. Also presented are the spectra of recoil electrons from the charged current reaction of neutrinos on deuterons and the elastic scattering of electrons. A fit to the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory data in which the free parameters directly describe the total 8B neutrino flux and the energy-dependent e survival probability provides a measure of the total 8B neutrino flux F8B=5.046-0.152+0.159(stat)-0.123+0.107(syst). Combining these new results with results of all other solar experiments and the KamLAND reactor experiment yields best-fit values of the mixing parameters of 12=34.06-0.84+1.16 degrees and m212=7.59-0.21+0.2010-5 eV2. The global value of 8B is extracted to a precision of -2.95+2.38%. In a three-flavor analysis the best fit value of sin213 is 2.00-1.63+2.0910-2. This implies an upper bound of sin213<0.057 (95% C.L.).

241 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Stephen P. Martin1
TL;DR: In this paper, the lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in supersymmetry can be raised significantly by extra vectorlike quark and lepton supermultiplets with large Yukawa couplings but dominantly electroweak-singlet masses.
Abstract: The lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in supersymmetry can be raised significantly by extra vectorlike quark and lepton supermultiplets with large Yukawa couplings but dominantly electroweak-singlet masses. I consider models of this type that maintain perturbative gauge coupling unification. The impact of the new particles on precision electroweak observables is found to be moderate, with the fit to $Z$-pole data as good or better than that of the standard model even if the new Yukawa couplings are as large as their fixed-point values and the extra vectorlike quark masses are as light as 400 GeV. I study the size of corrections to the lightest Higgs boson mass, taking into account the fixed-point behavior of the scalar trilinear couplings. I also discuss the decay branching ratios of the lightest new quarks and leptons and general features of the resulting collider signatures.

241 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the decay of the W's with 2, 3 or 4 leptons in the final states was studied and it was shown that the 3 lepton final states are the most relevant and can lead to a 3 sigma signal significance with 300 fb^{-1} collected at 14 TeV LHC.
Abstract: The hierarchy problem and the electroweak data, together, provide a plausible motivation for considering a light Higgs emerging as a pseudo-Goldstone boson from a strongly-coupled sector. In that scenario, the rates for Higgs production and decay differ significantly from those in the Standard Model. However, one genuine strong coupling signature is the growth with energy of the scattering amplitudes among the Goldstone bosons, the longitudinally polarized vector bosons as well as the Higgs boson itself. The rate for double Higgs production in vector boson fusion is thus enhanced with respect to its negligible rate in the SM. We study that reaction in pp collisions, where the production of two Higgs bosons at high pT is associated with the emission of two forward jets. We concentrate on the decay mode hh -> WW^(*)WW^(*) and study the semi-leptonic decay chains of the W's with 2, 3 or 4 leptons in the final states. While the 3 lepton final states are the most relevant and can lead to a 3 sigma signal significance with 300 fb^{-1} collected at a 14 TeV LHC, the two same-sign lepton final states provide complementary information. We also comment on the prospects for improving the detectability of double Higgs production at the foreseen LHC energy and luminosity upgrades.

226 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a TeV scale inverse seesaw model for neutrino masses can be realized within the framework of a supersymmetric $SO(10) model consistent with gauge coupling unification.
Abstract: We show that a TeV scale inverse seesaw model for neutrino masses can be realized within the framework of a supersymmetric $SO(10)$ model consistent with gauge coupling unification and observed neutrino masses and mixing. We present our expectations for nonunitarity effects in the leptonic mixing matrix, some of which are observable at future neutrino factories as well as the next generation searches for lepton flavor violating processes such as $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e+\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The model has TeV scale ${W}_{R}$ and ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ bosons which are accessible at the Large Hadron Collider.

214 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the heavy Majorana nature of the heavy neutrinos, having masses in the range of (100 - 1000) GeV and present in the TeV scale type I and inverse see-saw scenarios of neutrino mass generation, is unlikely to be observable in the currently operating and future planned accelerator experiments (including LHC) due to the existence of very strong constraints on the parameters and couplings responsible for the corresponding $|\Delta L| = 2$ processes, $L$ being the total lepton charge.
Abstract: It is shown that the Majorana nature of the heavy neutrinos $N_j$ having masses in the range of $M_j \sim (100 - 1000)$ GeV and present in the TeV scale type I and inverse see-saw scenarios of neutrino mass generation, is unlikely to be observable in the currently operating and future planned accelerator experiments (including LHC) due to the existence of very strong constraints on the parameters and couplings responsible for the corresponding $|\Delta L| = 2$ processes, $L$ being the total lepton charge. If the heavy Majorana neutrinos $N_j$ are observed and they are associated only with the type I or inverse see-saw mechanisms and no additional TeV scale "new physics", they will behave like Dirac fermions to a relatively high level of precision, being actually pseudo-Dirac particles. The observation of effects proving the Majorana nature of $N_j$ would imply that these heavy neutrinos have additional relatively strong couplings to the Standard Model particles (as, e.g. in the type III see-saw scenario), or that light neutrino masses compatible with the observations are generated by a mechanism other than see-saw (e.g., radiatively at one or two loop level) in which the heavy Majorana neutrinos $N_j$ are nevertheless involved.

196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported upper limits on the photon flux in the range 0.2-100 GeV towards a sample of observed clusters (typical values 1-5 x 10^-9 ph cm^-2 s^-1) considering both point-like and spatially resolved models for the high energy emission, and discuss how these results constrain the characteristics of energetic leptons and hadrons, and magnetic fields in the intracluster medium.
Abstract: The detection of diffuse radio emission associated with clusters of galaxies indicates populations of relativistic leptons infusing the intracluster medium. Those electrons and positrons are either injected into and accelerated directly in the intracluster medium, or produced as secondary pairs by cosmic-ray ions scattering on ambient protons. Radiation mechanisms involving the energetic leptons together with decay of neutral pions produced by hadronic interactions have the potential to produce abundant GeV photons. Here, we report on the search for GeV emission from clusters of galaxies using data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) from August 2008 to February 2010. Thirty-three galaxy clusters have been selected according to their proximity and high mass, X-ray flux and temperature, and indications of non-thermal activity for this study. We report upper limits on the photon flux in the range 0.2-100 GeV towards a sample of observed clusters (typical values 1-5 x 10^-9 ph cm^-2 s^-1) considering both point-like and spatially resolved models for the high-energy emission, and discuss how these results constrain the characteristics of energetic leptons and hadrons, and magnetic fields in the intracluster medium. The volume-averaged relativistic-hadron-to-thermal energy density ratio is found to be < 5-10% in several clusters.

184 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general relativistic code for hydrodynamical supernova simulations with neutrino transport in spherical and azimuthal symmetry (one dimension and two dimensions, respectively) is presented.
Abstract: We present a new general relativistic code for hydrodynamical supernova simulations with neutrino transport in spherical and azimuthal symmetry (one dimension and two dimensions, respectively). The code is a combination of the COCONUT hydro module, which is a Riemann-solver-based, high-resolution shock-capturing method, and the three-flavor, fully energy-dependent VERTEX scheme for the transport of massless neutrinos. VERTEX integrates the coupled neutrino energy and momentum equations with a variable Eddington factor closure computed from a model Boltzmann equation and uses the 'ray-by-ray plus' approximation in two dimensions, assuming the neutrino distribution to be axially symmetric around the radial direction at every point in space, and thus the neutrino flux to be radial. Our spacetime treatment employs the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner 3+1 formalism with the conformal flatness condition for the spatial three metric. This approach is exact for the one-dimensional case and has previously been shown to yield very accurate results for spherical and rotational stellar core collapse. We introduce new formulations of the energy equation to improve total energy conservation in relativistic and Newtonian hydro simulations with grid-based Eulerian finite-volume codes. Moreover, a modified version of the VERTEX scheme is developed that simultaneously conserves energy and lepton number in the neutrino transport with bettermore » accuracy and higher numerical stability in the high-energy tail of the spectrum. To verify our code, we conduct a series of tests in spherical symmetry, including a detailed comparison with published results of the collapse, shock formation, shock breakout, and accretion phases. Long-time simulations of proto-neutron star cooling until several seconds after core bounce both demonstrate the robustness of the new COCONUT-VERTEX code and show the approximate treatment of relativistic effects by means of an effective relativistic gravitational potential as in PROMETHEUS-VERTEX to be remarkably accurate in spherical symmetry.« less

168 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the degree to which one can discriminate a standard model Higgs boson from look-alikes at, or close to, the moment of discovery at the LHC.
Abstract: The discovery of a Higgs particle is possible in a variety of search channels at the LHC. However, the true identity of any putative Higgs boson will, at first, remain ambiguous until one has experimentally excluded other possible assignments of quantum numbers and couplings. We quantify the degree to which one can discriminate a standard model Higgs boson from “look-alikes” at, or close to, the moment of discovery at the LHC. We focus on the fully-reconstructible golden decay mode to a pair of Z bosons and a four-lepton final state. Considering both on-shell and off-shell Z’s, we show how to utilize the full decay information from the events, including the distributions and correlations of the five relevant angular variables. We demonstrate how the finite phase space acceptance of any LHC detector sculpts the decay distributions, a feature neglected in previous studies. We use likelihood ratios to discriminate a standard model Higgs from look-alikes with other spins or nonstandard parity, CP, or form factors. For a resonance mass of 200 GeV/c^2, we achieve a median discrimination significance of 3σ with as few as 19 events, and even better discrimination for the off-shell decays of a 145 GeV/c^2 resonance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model of weak scale dark matter where the thermal DM density is set by the lepton asymmetry due to the presence of higher dimension lepton violating operators is presented, giving a natural explanation for the observed cosmic ray electron and positron excesses, without resorting to a Sommerfeld enhancement.
Abstract: We present a model of weak scale dark matter (DM) where the thermal DM density is set by the lepton asymmetry due to the presence of higher dimension lepton violating operators. In these models there is generically a separation between the annihilation cross section responsible for the relic abundance (through lepton violating operators) and the annihilation cross section that is relevant for the indirect detection of DM (through lepton preserving operators). This implies a perceived boost in the annihilation cross section in the Galaxy today relative to that derived for canonical thermal freeze-out, giving a natural explanation for the observed cosmic ray electron and positron excesses, without resorting to a Sommerfeld enhancement. These models motivate continued searches for DM with apparently nonthermal annihilation cross sections. The DM may also play a role in radiatively generating Majorana neutrino masses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simplified models for photo-meson production in cosmic accelerators, such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), are discussed.
Abstract: We discuss simplified models for photo-meson production in cosmic accelerators, such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Our self-consistent models are directly based on the underlying physics used in the SOPHIA software and can be easily adapted if new data are included. They allow for the efficient computation of neutrino and photon spectra (from π0 decays) as a major requirement of modern time-dependent simulations of the astrophysical sources and parameter studies. In addition, the secondaries (pions and muons) are explicitly generated, a necessity if cooling processes are to be included. For the neutrino production, we include the helicity dependence of the muon decays which in fact leads to larger corrections than the details of the interaction model. The separate computation of the π0, π+, and π– fluxes allows, for instance, for flavor ratio predictions of the neutrinos at the source, which are a requirement of many tests of neutrino properties using astrophysical sources. We confirm that for charged pion generation, the often used production by the Δ(1232)-resonance is typically not the dominant process in AGNs and GRBs, and we show, for arbitrary input spectra, that the number of neutrinos are underestimated by at least a factor of two if they are obtained from the neutral-to-charged pion ratio. We compare our results for several levels of simplification using isotropic synchrotron and thermal spectra and demonstrate that they are sufficiently close to the SOPHIA software.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors update the (flavour-dependent) constraints on the coefficients of such interactions, arising from collider searches for contact interactions, meson decays and other rare processes.
Abstract: Physics from beyond the Standard Model, such as leptoquarks, can induce four fermion operators involving a quark, an anti-quark, a lepton and an anti-lepton. We update the (flavour-dependent) constraints on the coefficients of such interactions, arising from collider searches for contact interactions, meson decays and other rare processes. We then make naive estimates for the magnitude of the coefficients, as could arise in texture models or from inverse hierarchies in the kinetic term coefficients. These “expectations” suggest that rare kaon decays could be a good place to look for such operators.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculate the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation of gluons by fast quarks in strong magnetic field produced by colliding relativistic heavy ions.
Abstract: We study the synchrotron radiation of gluons by fast quarks in strong magnetic field produced by colliding relativistic heavy ions. We argue that due to high electric conductivity of plasma, the magnetic field is almost constant during the entire plasma lifetime. We calculate the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation of gluons by fast quarks. We find that the typical energy loss per unit length for a light quark at the Large Hadron Collider is a few GeV per fm. This effect alone predicts quenching of jets with ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ up to about 20 GeV. We also show that the spin-flip transition effect accompanying the synchrotron radiation leads to a strong polarization of quarks and leptons with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. Observation of the lepton polarization may provide a direct evidence of existence of strong magnetic field in heavy-ion collisions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for the plausibility of a broad class of vectorlike confining theories at the TeV scale which interact with the Standard Model predominantly via gauge interactions.
Abstract: We argue for the plausibility of a broad class of vectorlike confining gauge theories at the TeV scale which interact with the Standard Model predominantly via gauge interactions. These theories have a rich phenomenology at the LHC if confinement occurs at the TeV scale, while ensuring negligible impact on precision electroweak and flavor observables. Spin-1 bound states can be resonantly produced via their mixing with Standard Model gauge bosons. The resonances promptly decay to pseudo-Goldstone bosons, some of which promptly decay to a pair of Standard Model gauge bosons, while others are charged and stable on collider time scales. The diverse set of final states with little background include multiple photons and leptons, missing energy, massive stable charged particles and the possibility of highly displaced vertices in dilepton, leptoquark or diquark decays. Among others, a novel experimental signature of resonance reconstruction out of massive stable charged particles is highlighted. Some of the long-lived states also constitute Dark Matter candidates.

Journal ArticleDOI
A. A. Abdo, Markus Ackermann, Marco Ajello, Luca Baldini, Jean Ballet, G. Barbiellini, Denis Bastieri, Keith Bechtol, Ronaldo Bellazzini, B. Berenji, Roger Blandford, Elliott D. Bloom, Emanuele Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, A. Bouvier, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, Pascal Bruel, T. H. Burnett, Sara Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, Svenja Carrigan, J. M. Casandjian, Claudia Cecchi, O. C. Elik, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, James Chiang, Stefano Ciprini, R. Claus, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Jan Conrad, S. Cutini, Charles D. Dermer, A. De Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, E. Do Couto E Silva, Persis S. Drell, Richard Dubois, D. Dumora, Y. Edmonds, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, P. Fortin, Marco Frailis, Yasushi Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, Dario Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, T. Glanzman, G.L. Godfrey, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, Sylvain Guiriec, Mats Gustafsson, Daniela Hadasch, Alice K. Harding, D. Horan, R. E. Hughes, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, Hideaki Katagiri, Jun Kataoka, N. Kawai, Matthew Kerr, Jürgen Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, Luca Latronico, M. Llena Garde, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, M. N. Mazziotta, Julie McEnery, C. Meurer, Peter F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, Tsunefumi Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, Igor V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, Nicola Omodei, E. Orlando, Jonathan F. Ormes, David Paneque, J.H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, F. Piron, S. Rainò, R. Rando, A. Reimer, Olaf Reimer, T. Reposeur, A. Y. Rodriguez, Markus Roth, Hartmut Sadrozinski, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Jeffrey D. Scargle, A. Sellerholm, Carmelo Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. D. Smith, Gloria Spandre, P. Spinelli, Jean-Luc Starck, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Takaaki Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, Diego F. Torres, Y. Uchiyama, T. L. Usher, V. Vasileiou, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, Paul J. Wang, Brian L Winer, Kent S. Wood, T. Ylinen, G. Zaharijas, M. Ziegle 
TL;DR: The first published Fermi large area telescope (Fermi-LAT) measurement of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is in good agreement with a single power law, and is not showing any signature of a dominant contribution from dark matter sources in the energy range from 20 to 100 GeV as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The first published Fermi large area telescope (Fermi-LAT) measurement of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is in good agreement with a single power law, and is not showing any signature of a dominant contribution from dark matter sources in the energy range from 20 to 100 GeV. We use the absolute size and spectral shape of this measured flux to derive cross section limits on three types of generic dark matter candidates: annihilating into quarks, charged leptons and monochromatic photons. Predicted gamma-ray fluxes from annihilating dark matter are strongly affected by the underlying distribution of dark matter, and by using different available results of matter structure formation we assess these uncertainties. We also quantify how the dark matter constraints depend on the assumed conventional backgrounds and on the Universe's transparency to high-energy gamma-rays. In reasonable background and dark matter structure scenarios (but not in all scenarios we consider) it is possible to exclude models proposed to explain the excess of electrons and positrons measured by the Fermi-LAT and PAMELA experiments. Derived limits also start to probe cross sections expected from thermally produced relics (e.g. in minimal supersymmetry models) annihilating predominantly into quarks. For the monochromatic gamma-ray signature, the current measurement constrains only dark matter scenarios with very strong signals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A full quantum mechanical calculation of the generated lepton asymmetry based on Kadanoff-Baym equations is presented, showing that conventional leptogenesis calculations have an uncertainty of at least 1 order of magnitude.
Abstract: Thermal leptogenesis explains the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe in terms of neutrino masses, consistent with neutrino oscillation experiments. We present a full quantum mechanical calculation of the generated lepton asymmetry based on Kadanoff-Baym equations. Origin of the asymmetry is the departure of the statistical propagator of the heavy Majorana neutrino from the equilibrium propagator, together with CP violating couplings. The lepton asymmetry is calculated directly in terms of Green's functions without referring to "number densities.'' A detailed comparison with Boltzmann equations shows that conventional leptogenesis calculations have an uncertainty of at least 1 order of magnitude. Particularly important is the inclusion of thermal damping rates in the full quantum mechanical calculation.

Journal ArticleDOI
P. Adamson1, C. Andreopoulos2, K. E. Arms3, R. Armstrong4  +165 moreInstitutions (33)
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy dependence of the neutrino-iron and antineutrinoiron inclusive charged-current cross sections and their ratio have been measured using a high-statistics sample with the MINOS near detector exposed to the NuMI beam from the main injector at Fermilab.
Abstract: The energy dependence of the neutrino-iron and antineutrino-iron inclusive charged-current cross sections and their ratio have been measured using a high-statistics sample with the MINOS near detector exposed to the NuMI beam from the main injector at Fermilab. Neutrino and antineutrino fluxes were determined using a low hadronic energy subsample of charged-current events. We report measurements of ν-Fe (ν -Fe) cross section in the energy range 3–50 GeV (5–50 GeV) with precision of 2%–8% (3%–9%) and their ratio which is measured with precision 2%–8%. The data set spans the region from low energy, where accurate measurements are sparse, up to the high-energy scaling region where the cross section is well understood.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the same non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetry which accounts for the observed pattern of neutrino oscillations, spontaneously breaks to a subgroup which renders DM stable.
Abstract: We propose a new motivation for the stability of dark matter (DM). We suggest that the same non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetry which accounts for the observed pattern of neutrino oscillations, spontaneously breaks to a ${Z}_{2}$ subgroup which renders DM stable. The simplest scheme leads to a scalar doublet DM potentially detectable in nuclear recoil experiments, inverse neutrino mass hierarchy, hence a neutrinoless double beta decay rate accessible to upcoming searches, while ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}=0$ gives no $CP$ violation in neutrino oscillations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed analysis of baryon asymmetry generation in the NuMSM (an extension of the Standard Model by three singlet Majorana fermions with masses below the Fermi scale) is performed, and the remaining domain of the parameter space from the requirement of successful baryogenesis is determined.
Abstract: We perform a detailed analysis of baryon asymmetry generation in the NuMSM (an extension of the Standard Model by three singlet Majorana fermions with masses below the Fermi scale). Fixing a number of parameters of the NuMSM by the neutrino oscillation data, we determine the remaining domain of the parameter space from the requirement of successful baryogenesis. We derive, in particular, the constraints on the mass splitting of a pair of singlet fermions, and on the strength of their coupling to ordinary leptons, essential for searches of these particles in rare decays of mesons and in beam-dump experiments with intensive proton beams.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Test the tunneling approximation and its nonadiabatic extension by measuring the unperturbed momentum distribution along the κ direction of a circularly polarized light pulse and there is substantial, but not total, agreement between results and the predictions of the model.
Abstract: Tunneling is often used to describe multiphoton ionization of rare gas atoms in infrared fields. We test the tunneling approximation and its nonadiabatic extension by measuring the unperturbed momentum distribution along the k direction of a circularly polarized light pulse. We find substantial, but not total, agreement between our results and the predictions of the model. As predicted, the k direction momentum distribution is Gaussian and its width increases with the square root of electric field strength. However, the width is 15% too large and we find no evidence of nonadiabatic effects as we approach the expected limits of the approximation.

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TL;DR: In this article, minimal implementations of Majorana and Dirac neutrino scenarios in Ftheory GUT models were studied and the neutrinos were predicted to exhibit a "normal" mass hierarchy, with masses (m3;m2;m1) :05 (1; 1=2 GUT ; GUT ) eV.
Abstract: We study minimal implementations of Majorana and Dirac neutrino scenarios in Ftheory GUT models. In both cases the mass scale of the neutrinos m M 2 weak = UV arises from integrating out Kaluza-Klein modes, where UV is close to the GUT scale. The participation of non-holomorphic Kaluza-Klein mode wave functions dilutes the mass hierarchy in comparison to the quark and charged lepton sectors, in agreement with experimentally measured mass splittings. The neutrinos are predicted to exhibit a ormal" mass hierarchy, with masses (m3;m2;m1) :05 (1; 1=2 GUT ; GUT ) eV. When the interactions of the neutrino and charged lepton sectors geometrically unify, the neutrino mixing matrix exhibits a mild hierarchical structure such that the mixing angles 23 and 12 are large and comparable,

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TL;DR: A new model of radiative neutrino mass generation was proposed in this paper, where lepton flavor violating processes mediated by leptoquarks have an interesting pattern: μ → e γ may be suppressed, while μ → 3 e and μ − e conversion in nuclei are within reach of the next generation experiments.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors study Higgs boson pair production processes at future hadron and lepton colliders including the photon collision option in several new physics models; i.e., the two-Higgs-doublet model, scalar leptoquark model, the sequential fourth generation fermion model and the vectorlike quark model.
Abstract: We study Higgs boson pair production processes at future hadron and lepton colliders including the photon collision option in several new physics models; i.e., the two-Higgs-doublet model, the scalar leptoquark model, the sequential fourth generation fermion model and the vectorlike quark model. Cross sections for these processes can deviate significantly from the standard model predictions due to the one-loop correction to the triple Higgs boson coupling constant. For the one-loop induced processes such as $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh$, where $h$ is the (lightest) Higgs boson and $g$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ respectively represent a gluon and a photon, the cross sections can also be affected by new physics particles via additional one-loop diagrams. In the two-Higgs-doublet model and scalar leptoquark models, cross sections of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hhZ$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh$ can be enhanced due to the nondecoupling effect in the one-loop corrections to the triple Higgs boson coupling constant. In the sequential fourth generation fermion model, the cross section for $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh$ becomes very large because of the loop effect of the fermions. In the vectorlike quark model, effects are small because the theory has decoupling property. Measurements of the Higgs boson pair production processes can be useful to explore new physics through the determination of the Higgs potential.

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TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of linear density fluctuations of free-streaming massive neutrinos at redshift of $zl1000 was studied, with an explicit justification on the use of a fluid approximation.
Abstract: We study the evolution of linear density fluctuations of free-streaming massive neutrinos at redshift of $zl1000$, with an explicit justification on the use of a fluid approximation. We solve the collisionless Boltzmann equation in an Einstein de-Sitter (EdS) universe, truncating the Boltzmann hierarchy at ${l}_{\mathrm{max} }=1$ and 2, and compare the resulting density contrast of neutrinos ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{ u}}^{\mathrm{fluid}}$ with that of the exact solutions of the Boltzmann equation that we derive in this paper. Roughly speaking, the fluid approximation is accurate if neutrinos were already nonrelativistic when the neutrino density fluctuation of a given wave number entered the horizon. We find that the fluid approximation is accurate at subpercent levels for massive neutrinos with ${m}_{\ensuremath{ u}}g0.05\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ at the scale of $k\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.0h\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and redshift of $zl100$. This result validates the use of the fluid approximation, at least for the most massive species of neutrinos suggested by the neutrino oscillation experiments. We also find that the density contrast calculated from fluid equations (i.e., continuity and Euler equations) becomes a better approximation at a lower redshift, and the accuracy can be further improved by including an anisotropic stress term in the Euler equation. The anisotropic stress term effectively increases the pressure term by a factor of $9/5$.

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TL;DR: In this article, the Higgs and some of the Standard Model superpartners may have been copiously produced at LEP and the Tevatron without being detected, and the authors identify the relevant collider observables that characterize this scenario, and study a wide range of LEP/Tevatron searches to recover the viable regions in the space of observables.
Abstract: The Higgs and some of the Standard Model superpartners may have been copiously produced at LEP and the Tevatron without being detected. We study a novel scenario of this type in which the Higgs decays predominantly into a light hidden sector either directly or through light SUSY states. Subsequent cascades increase the multiplicity of hidden sector particles which, after decaying back into the Standard Model, appear in the detector as clusters of collimated leptons known as lepton jets. We identify the relevant collider observables that characterize this scenario, and study a wide range of LEP and Tevatron searches to recover the viable regions in the space of observables. We find that the Higgs decaying to lepton jets can be hidden when the event topology mimics that of hadronic backgrounds. Thus, as many as 104 leptonic Higgs and SUSY decays may be hiding in the LEP and Tevatron data. We present benchmark models with a 100 GeV Higgs that are consistent with all available collider constraints. We end with a short discussion of strategies for dedicated searches at LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC, that allow for a discovery of the Higgs or SUSY particles decaying to lepton jets.

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TL;DR: In this paper, a supersymmetric model of quark and lepton based on S 4 × Z 3 × Z 4 flavor symmetry is presented, where the S 4 symmetry is broken down to Klein four and Z 3 subgroups in the neutrino and the charged lepton sectors.

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TL;DR: In this paper, a modified version of the B-L extension of the standard model was proposed, where neutrino masses are generated through the inverse seesaw mechanism. And the search for the extra gauge boson Z{sub B-l}{sup '} through the decay into dileptons or two dileptions plus missing energy was studied.
Abstract: We propose a modified version of the TeV-scale B-L extension of the standard model, where neutrino masses are generated through the inverse seesaw mechanism. We show that heavy neutrinos in this model can be accessible via clean signals at the LHC. The search for the extra gauge boson Z{sub B-L}{sup '} through the decay into dileptons or two dileptons plus missing energy is studied. We also show that the B-L extra Higgs boson can be directly probed at the LHC via a clean dilepton and missing energy signal.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the branching ratio for a supersymmetric model invariant under the flavour symmetry group A 4 × Z 3 × U (1 ) FN was derived and shown to scale as u 2.