Showing papers on "Nozzle published in 2012"

Upright vacuum cleaner

Abstract: An upright vacuum cleaner is provided and includes an upper section with a handle (15) and a lower cleaning nozzle section (14, 14') having a main suction opening (18) formed in the underside (16) thereof. A suction source (M) is provided and an edge cleaning tool (60) having a suction bore (64) formed therethrough is releasably connected to the cleaning nozzle section (14'). A suction hose (20) selectively connects one of the main suction opening (18) of the nozzle (14') and the suction bore (64) of the edge cleaning tool (60) with the suction source (M). First and second laterally spaced casters (30a, 30b) extend from the underside (16) of the nozzle (14, 14') and each caster (30a, 30b) is pivotable respectively about a vertical axis (D,E). First and second laterally spaced fixed wheels (32a, 32b), each rotatable about a single rolling axis (C), are also provided and positioned forward of the first and second casters (30a, 30b). Each fixed wheel (32a, 32b) includes a rolling surface (40a, 40b) and curved inner and outer transition surfaces (42a, 42b), (44a, 44b) connecting its rolling surface (40a, 40b) to the inner and outer sides (42a, 42b), (44a, 44b) of the wheel (32a, 32b).

Attachment for substrates having different diameters, substrate processing apparatus, and method of manufacturing substrate or semiconductor device

Abstract: A downsized substrate may be housed in a substrate accommodation vessel (FOUP) constituting a transfer system corresponding to a large diameter substrate. An attachment includes an upper plate and a lower plate supported by a first support groove that can support an 8-inch wafer, and holding columns installed at the upper plate and the lower plate and including a second support groove that can support a 2-inch wafer (if necessary, via a wafer holder and a holder member). Accordingly, the 2-inch wafer can be housed in a pod corresponding to the 8-inch wafer, and the pod, which is a transfer system, can be standardized to reduce cost of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus. In addition, a distance from each gas supply nozzle to the wafer can be increased to sufficiently mix reactive gases before arrival at the wafer and improve film-forming precision to the wafer.

Substrate cleaning apparatus and vacuum processing system

Abstract: A substrate cleaning apparatus includes a supporting unit, provided in a processing chamber having a gas exhaust port, for supporting a substrate; one or more nozzle units, each for ejecting gas clusters to a peripheral portion of the substrate supported by the supporting unit to remove unnecessary substances from the peripheral portion; and a moving mechanism for changing relative positions of the supporting unit and the nozzle unit during ejecting the gas clusters. Each nozzle unit discharges a cleaning gas having a pressure higher than that in the processing chamber so that the cleaning gas is adiabatically expanded to form aggregates of atoms and/or molecules.

Suction-type portable atomizer

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable atomizer. The portable atomizer includes a casing, a liquid storage case, an atomizing device and a power supply. The atomizing device further includes a liquid guiding assembly which includes a second suction nozzle and a liquid guiding rope; one end of the second suction nozzle is inserted into the storage cavity of the liquid storage case; the other end of the second suction nozzle intercommunicates with the atomizing cavity of the suction nozzle holder; a part of the liquid guiding rope is surrounded by the heater, and two ends of the liquid guiding rope are guided into the second suction nozzle. The present invention enables to guide the stored medicinal liquid uniformly onto the heater, providing an easy access to fresh medicinal liquid for a user.

Apparatus and method for developing process

Abstract: An apparatus includes at least two tanks, at least two pumps, at least one nozzle, and a chuck. The apparatus provides multiple developers with different polarities during a developing process to target portions of a latent resist profile having different polarities, and thus different solubility. This apparatus also allows a mixture of two developers to be used for the resist film developing. A polarity of the mixture is adjustable by controlling a ratio of one pump flow rate to another pump flow rate and further controlling the resist pattern profile.

Effect of Electromagnetic Ruler Braking (EMBr) on Transient Turbulent Flow in Continuous Slab Casting using Large Eddy Simulations

Abstract: Static electromagnetic braking (EMBr) fields affect greatly the turbulent flow pattern in steel continuous casting, which leads to potential benefits such as decreasing flow instability, surface defects, and inclusion entrapment if applied correctly. To gain a fundamental understanding of how EMBr affects transient turbulent flow, the current work applies large eddy simulations (LES) to investigate the effect of three EMBr ruler brake configurations on transient turbulent flow through the bifurcated nozzle and mold of a liquid-metal GaInSn model of a typical steel slab-casting process, but with deep nozzle submergence and insulated walls with no solidifying shell. The LES calculations are performed using an in-house graphic-processing-unit-based computational-fluid-dynamics code (LES-CU-FLOW) on a mesh of ~7 million brick cells. The LES model is validated first via ultrasonic velocimetry measurements in this system. It is then applied to quantify the mean and instantaneous flow structures, Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy and its budgets, and proper orthogonal modes of four cases. Positioning the strongest part of the ruler magnetic field over the nozzle bottom suppresses turbulence in this region, thus reducing nozzle well swirl and its alternation. This process leads to strong and focused jets entering the mold cavity making large-scale and low-frequency (<0.02 Hz) flow variations in the mold with detrimental surface velocity variations. Lowering the ruler below nozzle deflects the jets upward, leading to faster surface velocities than the other cases. The double-ruler and no-EMBr cases have the most stable flow. The magnetic field generates large-scale vortical structures tending toward two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence. To avoid detrimental large-scale, low-frequency flow variations, it is recommended to avoid strong magnetic fields across the nozzle well and port regions.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in a Round Bloom Mold with In-Mold Rotary Electromagnetic Stirring

Abstract: In this article, an electromagnetic field simulation and a flow analysis model are performed to describe the three-dimensional electromagnetic field distribution and the electromagnetically driven flow characteristics in a round-bloom mold with a low-frequency in-mold rotary electromagnetic stirrer. The interaction between the induced flow and the inertial impinging jet from a straight-through submerged entry nozzle (SEN) of the caster is considered. The effects of stirrer current and frequency on the electromagnetic field and the flow in the round-bloom mold are investigated, and a strategy to optimize the stirring parameters is proposed. The results show that the distributions of magnetic flux density and electromagnetic force magnitude are nonuniform in a three-dimensional electromagnetic stirring (EMS) configuration. There exists a significant axial induced component of electromagnetic force. The flow in the in-mold EMS system is characterized by a dominant swirling movement at the transverse sections, coupled with the recirculating flows in the axial direction. An upper recirculation zone and a lower recirculation zone with the reverse melt flowing are found near the strand wall at the axial location close to the middle of the stirrer, and another recirculation zone is formed due to the interference of the induced flow with the jet from SEN. The meniscus surface has a swirl flow, and the meniscus level rises near the bloom strand wall and sinks around the SEN wall. All of these flow features are closely associated with metallurgical performances of the in-mold rotary stirrer. With the increase of stirring current and the decrease of frequency, the magnetic flux magnitude increases. There is an optimum frequency to obtain a peak of electromagnetic force magnitude and maximum tangential velocity. For a mold rotary EMS system, to determine the optimum stirring intensity, it is necessary to make a compromise between a larger tangential velocity and a relatively quiescent meniscus surface.

A magnetic nozzle calculation of the force on a plasma

Abstract: The measured axial force imparted from a magnetically expanding current-free plasma has been shown recently [Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 235001 (2011)] to equal the axial force on that plasma calculated by a two-dimensional fluid model. Here, we calculate the same axial force on the plasma by a quasi one-dimensional model of a magnetic nozzle. The quasi one-dimensional magnetic nozzle model provides us with an estimate of the force on the plasma that is similar to that found by the more accurate two-dimensional model.

Development and characterization of very dense submillimetric gas jets for laser-plasma interaction

Abstract: We report on the characterization of recently developed submillimetric He gas jets with peak density higher than 1021 atoms/cm3 from cylindrical and slightly conical nozzles of throat diameter of less than 400 μm. Helium gas at pressure 300−400 bar has been developed for this purpose to compensate the nozzle throat diameter reduction that affects the output mass flow rate. The fast-switching electro-valve enables to operate the jet safely for multi-stage vacuum pump assembly. Such gaseous thin targets are particularly suitable for laser-plasma interaction studies in the unexplored near-critical regime.

Method and apparatus for delivery of cementitious material

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for performing a multi-layer construction method using cementitious material has a reservoir (4) for containing cementitious material. The reservoir (4) is coupled to a print head (6) with a delivery nozzle (13). The delivery nozzle (13) can be moved by a robotic arm assembly (1) to index the nozzle (13) along a predetermined path. Flow of the cementitious material from the reservoir (4) to the nozzle (13) and to extrude the material out of the nozzle (13) is controlled in conjunction with indexing of the nozzle (13). A support material, an accelerating agent and a cartilage material may also be deposited from the print head (6).

Liquefier assembly for use in additive manufacturing system

Abstract: A liquefier assembly for use in an additive manufacturing system, where the liquefier assembly includes a liquefier tube, a nozzle secured to an outlet end of the liquefier tube, a heating element extending at least partially around the liquefier tube to generate a hot zone in the liquefier tube, a hollow spacer disposed in the channel; and a hollow liner disposed in the channel abutting against an upstream shoulder of the hollow spacer.

Breakup and coalescence characteristics of a hollow cone swirling spray

Abstract: This paper deals with an experimental study of the breakup characteristics of water emanating from hollow cone hydraulic injector nozzles induced by pressure-swirling. The experiments were conducted using two nozzles with different orifice diameters 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm and injection pressures (0.3-4 MPa) which correspond to Rep = 7000-26 000. Two types of laser diagnostic techniques were utilized: shadowgraph and phase Doppler particle anemometry for a complete study of the atomization process. Measurements that were made in the spray in both axial and radial directions indicate that both velocity and average droplet diameter profiles are highly dependent on the nozzle characteristics, Weber number and Reynolds number. The spatial variation of diameter and velocity arises principally due to primary breakup of liquid films and subsequent secondary breakup of large droplets due to aerodynamic shear. Downstream of the nozzle, coalescence of droplets due to collision was also found to be significant. Different types of liquid film breakup were considered and found to match well with the theory. Secondary breakup due to shear was also studied theoretically and compared to the experimental data. Coalescence probability at different axial and radial locations was computed to explain the experimental results. The spray is subdivided into three zones: near the nozzle, a zone consisting of film and ligament regime, where primary breakup and some secondary breakup take place; a second zone where the secondary breakup process continues, but weakens, and the centrifugal dispersion becomes dominant; and a third zone away from the spray where coalescence is dominant. Each regime has been analyzed in detail, characterized by timescale and Weber number and validated using experimental data. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773065]

Development of a Variable-Rate Sprayer with Laser Scanning Sensor to Synchronize Spray Outputs to Tree Structures

Abstract: Efficient and effective precision spray equipment and strategies are in high demand to reduce pesticide use in tree crop production. An experimental variable-rate air-assisted sprayer implemented with a high-speed laser scanning sensor was developed to control the spray output of individual nozzles in real time. The sprayer consisted of a laser scanning sensor control system and an air and liquid delivery system. Each nozzle in the delivery system, coupled with a pulse width modulated (PWM) solenoid valve, achieved variable-rate delivery based on occurrence, height, and width of the target tree and its foliage density. Other components of the sensor control system included a unique algorithm for variable-rate control that instantaneously processed measurements of the canopy surfaces. To determine system delay time, a high-speed video camera was used to record the time period between sensor detection of the canopy and nozzle activation. Spray deposition uniformity inside canopies was verified by quantifying spray coverage inside four ornamental nursery trees of different sizes and canopy densities at 3.2 and 6.4 km h-1 travel speeds. Test results demonstrated that differences in spray coverage inside the canopies of these four trees in the spraying direction were not statistically significant, even though these trees had different structures, canopy volumes, and foliage densities. The canopy volume and foliage density measured with the algorithm developed for the laser sensor-controlled detection system exhibited little variation between the two travel speeds. Design criteria for the sensor-controlled system in the experimental sprayer were acceptable for variable-rate application, having great potential for spray volume and drift reduction, and thus reducing environmental impact.

General Reduced-Order Model to Design and Operate Synthetic Jet Actuators

Abstract: Synthetic jets are used in various applications from flow control to thermal management of electronics. Controlling the jet operating point using a simple voltage to velocity calibration becomes unreliable in case of external pressure field disturbances or varying actuator characteristics. This paper presents a general lumped parameter model for a synthetic jet actuator with an electromagnetic or piezoelectric driver. The fluidic model accurately predicts the synthetic jet operating point (i.e., Reynolds number and stroke length) based on the measured cavity pressure. The model requires only two empirical coefficients characterizing nozzle fluid damping and inertia. These can be obtained via calibration or estimated from pressure loss correlations and the governing acoustic radiation impedance. The model has been validated experimentally for circular and rectangular orifices. The effect of nozzle damping on the nonlinear system response is discussed. Analytical expressions are given for the two resonance frequencies characterizing the system response as a function of the diaphragm and Helmholtz resonance frequencies. The optimal design of an impinging synthetic jet actuator is discussed in terms of the thermal and acoustic efficiencies. Guidelines for selecting the optimum combination of diaphragm and Helmholtz resonance frequency are presented and compared with previous studies.

Integrated automotive system, nozzle assembly and remote control method for cleaning an image sensor's exterior or objective lens surface

Abstract: An external lens washing system has an aiming fixture configured to support and constrain an external lens which is exposed to the elements and apt to become soiled with debris. A nozzle assembly is configured to be supported and aimed toward the external lens by the aiming fixture and has at least one laterally offset washing nozzle projecting from the aiming fixture to a spray washing fluid toward the external lens surface, spraying at a shallow, glancing spray aiming angle to impinge upon and wash the lens external surface. Optionally, an integrated image sensor and lens washing assembly is configured for use with a remote control method for cleaning an exterior objective lens surface and includes a sealed image sensor housing assembly including an integral, remotely controllable lens cleaning system with an optimized configuration for aiming one or more cleansing sprays from one or more laterally offset fluidic oscillators.

Harmonic cold plasma devices and associated methods

Abstract: A method for generating atmospheric pressure cold plasma inside a hand-held unit discharges cold plasma with simultaneously different rf wavelengths and their harmonics. The unit includes an rf tuning network that is powered by a low-voltage power supply connected to a series of high-voltage coils and capacitors. The rf energy signal is transferred to a primary containment chamber and dispersed through an electrode plate network of various sizes and thicknesses to create multiple frequencies. Helium gas is introduced into the first primary containment chamber, where electron separation is initiated. The energized gas flows into a secondary magnetic compression chamber, where a balanced frequency network grid with capacitance creates the final electron separation, which is inverted magnetically and exits through an orifice with a nozzle. The cold plasma thus generated has been shown to be capable of accelerating a healing process in flesh wounds on animal laboratory specimens.

Chemical vapor deposition device

Abstract: The invention discloses a chemical vapor deposition device, comprising a processing chamber configurated to define a reaction space, a backplane arranged above the reaction space and of which the middle part is equipped with a gas inlet, a gas diffusing component arranged below the gas inlet, separated from the gas inlet, configurated to diffuse a process gas provided by the gas inlet and coupled with the backplane via a first coupling component, a nuzzle arranged below and separated from the backplane and the gas diffusing component, in which a plurality of punched spray orifices are arranged and of which the middle part is coupled with the gas diffusing component via a second coupling component, and a pedestal arranged below the nozzle and separated from the nozzle and used for supporting a substrate.

Propulsion Airframe Aeroacoustic Integration Effects for a Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft Configuration

Abstract: An extensive experimental investigation was performed to study the propulsion airframe aeroacoustic effects of a high bypass ratio engine for a hybrid wing body aircraft configuration where the engine is installed above the wing. The objective was to provide an understanding of the jet noise shielding effectiveness as a function of engine gas condition and location as well as nozzle configuration. A 4.7% scale nozzle of a bypass ratio seven engine was run at characteristic cycle points under static and forward flight conditions. The effect of the pylon and its orientation on jet noise was also studied as a function of bypass ratio and cycle condition. The addition of a pylon yielded significant spectral changes lowering jet noise by up to 4 dB at high polar angles and increasing it by 2 to 3 dB at forward angles. In order to assess jet noise shielding, a planform representation of the airframe model, also at 4.7% scale was traversed such that the jet nozzle was positioned from downstream of to several dia...

Plasma Jet for Flight Control

Abstract: The need for high-speed flight-control devices has surged with recent interest in hypersonic flight. Plasma-based devices offer actuation times that are orders of magnitude smaller than conventional mechanical actuators. The plasma jet, which uses energy deposition to generate a high-speed jet, is evaluated for flight control. The jet is created by pulsing a cavity with energy deposition. The gas expands through a converging nozzle, inducing a jet flow. This research focuses on characterizing the forces generated by a single pulse of the plasma jet, assuming energy is deposited uniformly throughout the cavity and the jet exits to quiescent flow. A one-dimensional analytical model is developed to predict the force and impulse generated by the jet as well as the temporal evolution of the pressure, density, and temperature in the cavity. A relation between the dimensionless energy deposition and the dimensionless impulse is developed and verifiedwith computational results. It is shown that the dimensionless impulse generated by the jet is essentially independent of the dimensionless geometric parameters of the cavity. Additionally, a simplified analysis shows that the force from an array of plasma jets is sufficient to replace a conventional aerodynamic flap.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Cold Spray Gas Dynamic Effects for Polymer Coating

Abstract: Low melting temperature materials such as polymers are known to be difficult to deposit using traditional cold spray techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were created for various nozzle geometries and flow conditions. A schlieren optical system was used to visualize the density gradients and flow characteristics in the free jet impingement region. Based on the CFD models, it was determined that a diffuser placed into the carrier gas flow near the nozzle exit not only leads to lower particle impact velocity required for polymer deposition, but also provides for appropriate application of compression heating of the particles to produce the conditions necessary at impact for successful coating adhesion of these materials. Experiments subsequently confirmed the successful deposition of polyethylene powder onto a 7075-T6 aluminum substrate. Using air as the carrier gas, polyethylene particles of 53-75 μm diameter and 0.94 g/cm3 density, were cold spray deposited onto the aluminum substrate, with a critical impact velocity of 191 m/s. No apparent melting of the polymer particles was observed. Refinements to these concepts are currently under investigation and a patent disclosure for the idea is pending.