Showing papers on "Stigmasterol published in 2019"
TL;DR: The isolation of stigmasterol biosynthesis mutants offers a promising tool to test the function of sterol end products in signaling responses to developmental and environmental cues.
Abstract: A direct role for cholesterol signaling in mammals is clearly established; yet, the direct role in signaling for a plant sterol or sterol precursor is unclear. Fluctuations in sitosterol and stigmasterol levels during development and stress conditions suggest their involvement in signaling activities essential for plant development and stress compensation. Stigmasterol may be involved in gravitropism and tolerance to abiotic stress. The isolation of stigmasterol biosynthesis mutants offers a promising tool to test the function of sterol end products in signaling responses to developmental and environmental cues.
63 citations
TL;DR: Two steroidal compounds beta‐sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated from the most active fraction and were subjected to cell lines cytotoxicity to predict the binding mode of phytosterols in the active sites of the enzyme.
55 citations
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that stigmasterol has the potential to be considered as an anticancerous therapeutic agent against Jab1 in gall bladder cancer.
Abstract: Background Plant sterols have proven a potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing agent against several carcinomas including breast and prostate cancers. Jab1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of numerous carcinomas. However, antiproliferative effects of sterols against Jab1 in gall bladder cancer have not been explored yet. Objective In the current study, we elucidated the mechanism of action of stigmasterol regarding apoptosis induction mediated via downregulation of Jab1 protein in human gall bladder cancer cells. Methods In our study, we performed MTT and Trypan blue assay to assess the effect of stigmasterol on cell proliferation. In addition, RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to identify the effect of stigmasterol on Jab1 and p27 expression in human gall bladder cancer cells. We further performed cell cycle, Caspase-3, Hoechst and FITC-Annexin V analysis, to confirm the apoptosis induction in stigmasterol treated human gall bladder cancer cells. Results Our results clearly indicated that stigmasterol has up-regulated the p27 expression and down-regulated Jab1 gene. These modulations of genes might occur via mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. Caspase-3 gets activated with the apoptotic induction. Increase in apoptotic cells and DNA were confirmed through annexin V staining, Hoechst staining, and cell cycle analysis. Conclusion Thus, these results strongly suggest that stigmasterol has the potential to be considered as an anticancerous therapeutic agent against Jab1 in gall bladder cancer.
23 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that some of the commercialized oils present high levels of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocaperol, while other samples had variable fatty acid compositions; especially in α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids.
Abstract: Sacha inchi oil (SIO) is one of the largest vegetable oil exports in Peru, used for consumption, in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals; it represents a significant economic income for producers. This study addresses the characterization and quantification of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, and alcohols of commercial Sacha inchi oils from Peru. Some of the SIO samples received had a high substance consistency, while others differed in the compounds studied. The results showed that some of the commercialized oils present high levels of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, while other samples had variable fatty acid compositions; especially in α-linolenic, linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. Fourteen sterols and eleven alcohols were identified (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, Δ5-avenasterol, triterpene alcohol, lanosterol isomer 1 and cycloartenol) being the major components. Some SIO samples presented the following ratios: The δ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol ratio was 0.33–0.81, ω-6/ω-3 ratio was 0.77 and a stigmasterol/campesterol ratio of 3.13. The presence of brassicasterol in some commercial oils indicates the addition of rapeseed or canola oil. Tocopherols, fatty acids, sterols and alcohol data provided a classification of SIO samples, by an efficient k-means clustering algorithm analysis. The ANOVA found significant differences between clusters for palmitic acid, oleic acid, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, campesterol and stigmasterol; these compounds could be used as markers of authenticity in commercial Sacha inchi oils.
22 citations
TL;DR: Quercetin, stigmasterol, and linoleic and oleic acid glycerol esters, together with 4-chlorobutyl oleate, oleamide, myricetin and N-feruloyltyramine, found for the first time in Cyperus esculentus rhizomes, have been isolated and quantified in the extracts.
20 citations
TL;DR: Insects have a great potential as feed, for example, in aquaculture, due to the high content of proteins and sulphur amino acids that can be successfully used as feed for poultry.
Abstract: From the nutritional point of view, edible insects have become an increasingly discussed topic in both the professional and laic public, even in countries where their consumption is not common [Mlček et al., 2014; Ramos-Elorduy et al., 2011; van Huis, 2016]. In particular, it is possible to use edible insects as a valuable alternative source of proteins, especially in regions with a lack of conventional animal proteins [Mlček et al., 2014; Ramos-Elorduy et al., 2011; van Broekhoven et al., 2015]. Other benefi ts include higher feed conversions, low greenhouse gas emissions, better soil utilization, and the conversion of organic materials to valuable products. This strategy can lead to fi nancial savings and environmental benefi ts [Cerritos, 2009, 2011; Fontaneto et al., 2011; Mariod et al., 2011; Premalatha et al., 2011]. Insects have also a great potential as feed, for example, in aquaculture [van Huis, 2016]. This is due to the high content of proteins and sulphur amino acids that can be successfully used as feed for poultry [Józefi ak et al., 2016]. One of the most studied species of insects is the mealworm [Finke, 2002, 2004; Barroso et al., 2014; Ravzanaadii et al.,
20 citations
TL;DR: In this study, incorporation of gallic acid into typical phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) through Steglich esterification was optimized employing the protection and deprotection strategy and a novel mechanism leading to side esterization was discovered.
Abstract: In this study, incorporation of gallic acid into typical phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) through Steglich esterification was optimized employing the protection and deprotection strategy. A novel mechanism leading to side esterification was discovered. Complication of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and side reactions were successfully reduced under the optimized conditions. The structural identity and purity of galloyl stigmasterol and galloyl β-sitosterol were confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, and HPLC-MS. Evaluation of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol revealed their excellent antioxidant and cholesterol-reducing activities. Significant enhancement of cholesterol-reducing activity by galloylation was unveiled especially for β-sitosterol. Galloyl β-sitosterol had slightly better antioxidant activity at ambient temperature and better cholesterol-reducing activity. Molecular modeling suggested that a subtle difference of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol in activities could be attributed to variation of molecular rigidity and conformation. The excellent properties of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol suggested their great potential application in the food industry.
19 citations
TL;DR: The antioxidant potential of the seed oil of C. gigantea suggests that it may serve as a potential source for various preparations for pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Abstract: Context:Cola giganteaA. Chev. (Sterculiaceae) is an important medicinal tropical flora.Objective:The seed oil ofC. gigantea, an underutilized tropical plant was investigated for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory, anti-Toxoplasma,and cytotoxicity activities as well as the chemical composition.Materials and methods:The physicochemical parameters of the seed oil obtained via Soxhlet extractionwas determined while the fatty acid and non-fatty acid component were analyzed by gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays (10–50mg/mL) while theanti-inflammatory property was determined through Cell Membrane Stabilization assay. The anti-parasiteand cytotoxicity activity were evaluated (0–1000mg/mL) usingToxoplasma gondiiand mammalian cell lineassays, respectively.Results:The oil had fatty acids which ranged from C-12 to C-23 with linoleic (18:2) and palmitic acids(16:0) being dominant. The oil had 89.41% unsaturated fatty acids with sterolic acid, an uncommon acety-lenic fatty acid reported for the first time. Non-fatty acids obtained include cholesterol (2.12%), campes-terol (14.12%), stigmasterol (34.07%) andb-sitosterol (49.68%). The oil had a significantly (p 50mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid. In contrast, theoil showed better activity against ABTS radicals (IC5044.19 ±6.27mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid orquercetin. Furthermore, the oil showed anti-T. gondiiand dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HFF cells withselectivity index (IC50/EC50<1).Discussion and conclusions:The antioxidant potential of the oil suggests that it may serve as a potentialsource for various preparations for pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
16 citations
01 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified wide profile of fatty acids and phytosterols in 19 nuts, seeds, and kernel commonly available in the Czech Republic using modified Folch procedure.
Abstract: Consumption of nuts and seeds is considered to have many beneficial health effects, as lowering cholesterol, incidence of cancer, or enhancement of immunity system. Among the most important lipid constituents of oils present in nuts and seeds are fatty acyls in lipid classes and phytosterols. The aim of the study was to quantify wide profile of fatty acids and phytosterols in 19 nuts, seeds, and kernel commonly available in the Czech Republic. Samples were extracted by the modified Folch procedure. Fatty acid analyses were conducted by gas chromatography. The sterols were derivatized and subsequently measured by HPLC–MS/MS procedure allowing for the separation of isobaric compounds including sterol Δ5–Δ7 isomers. Nuts and seeds contained predominantly oleic (18:1n-9) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids, rich sources of α-linoleic acid (18:3n-3) were linseed, chestnut, walnuts and hempseed, the last being the best source of stearidonic acid (18:4n-3). The phytosterol analyses revealed majority of β-sitosterol and campesterol with the exception of pumpkin and melon seeds, rich in Δ7 sterols, which were separable from Δ5 isomers. Correlation of sterols and fatty acids content revealed positive correlation between monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids (16:1n-9, 18:1n-9, 20:1n-9, 20:0) and stigmasterol and negative correlation between fatty acids (16:1n-9, 18:1n-9) and sitostanols. In summary, our study revealed the wide profile of fatty acids and phytosterols between different nuts and seeds. Further studies are needed to confirm the positive effect of each nut and seeds for health.
16 citations
TL;DR: P. mucronata hexane fraction showed promising cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, and stigmasterol contributes to this activity, inducing apoptosis of these cells.
Abstract: Background P. mucronata (Pm) comes from South America, Brazil and is characterized as "Maracuja de Restinga". It is used in folk medicine for its soothing properties and in treating insomnia. Objective The present study for the first time analyzed the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of the hydroalcoholic leaves extract and fractions from Pm. Method The cytotoxicity test will be evaluated by different assays (MTT and CV) against human prostate cancer (PC3) and mouse malignant melanoma (B16F10) cell lines, and the antioxidant test by DPPH method. Results β-Amyrin, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated of the most active, hexane fraction. These substances were tested against the tumor cell lines: β-sitosterol and stigmasterol showed the most relevant activity to PC3 in CV assay and, oleanolic acid to B16F10 by the MTT assay. In addition, it was possible to indicate that the mode of cell death for stigmasterol, presumably is apoptosis. In terms of antioxidant activity, the hydroalcoholic leaves extract presented higher activity (EC50 133.3 µg/mL) compared to the flower (EC50 152.3 µg/mL) and fruit (EC50 207.9 µg/mL) extracts. By the HPLC-MS, it was possible to identify the presence of flavones in the leaf extract (isoschaftoside, schaftoside, isovitexin, vitexin, isoorientin, orientin). Conclusions P. mucronata hexane fraction showed promising cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, and stigmasterol contributes to this activity, inducing apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, as other Passiflora species, Pm extract showed antioxidant activity and flavones are its major phenolic compounds.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the extracts of leaves, stems and flowers of Congea tomentosa Roxb were tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and micro-dilution methods.
TL;DR: The results established that SMT1 plays a crucial role in W. somnifera withanolide biosynthesis predominantly through the campesterol and stigmasterol routes.
Abstract: The medicinal properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) are accredited to a group of compounds called withanolides. 24-Methylene cholesterol is the intermediate for sterol biosynthesis and a proposed precursor of withanolide biogenesis. However, conversion of 24-methylene cholesterol to withaferin A and other withanolides has not yet been biochemically dissected. Hence, in an effort to fill this gap, an important gene, encoding S-adenosyl l-methionine-dependent sterol-C24-methyltransferase type 1 (SMT1), involved in the first committed step of sterol biosynthesis, from W. somnifera was targeted in the present study. Though SMT1 has been characterized in model plants such as Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana, its functional role in phytosterol and withanolide biosynthesis was demonstrated for the first time in W. somnifera. Since SMT1 acts at many steps preceding the withanolide precursor, the impact of this gene in channeling of metabolites for withanolide biosynthesis and its regulatory nature was illustrated by suppressing the gene in W. somnifera via the RNA interference (RNAi) approach. Interestingly, down-regulation of SMT1 in W. somnifera led to reduced levels of campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol, with an increase of cholesterol content in the transgenic RNAi lines. In contrast, SMT1 overexpression in transgenic N. tabacum enhanced the level of all phytosterols except cholesterol, which was not affected. The results established that SMT1 plays a crucial role in W. somnifera withanolide biosynthesis predominantly through the campesterol and stigmasterol routes.
TL;DR: The unsaponifiable fraction of three Tunisian grape seed varieties, namely Merlot, Carignan, and Syrah, was investigated and showed significant protection against oxidative damage by modulating NO production and antioxidant activity.
Abstract: Triterpenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols presented in unsaponifiable fraction of grape seed oil have several beneficial effects comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor capacities. In this study, the unsaponifiable fraction of three Tunisian grape seed varieties (Vitis vinifera L.), namely Merlot, Carignan, and Syrah, was investigated. The identified compounds were two triterpenic compounds (β-amyrin, lanosterol), six phytosterols (campesterol, ∆7 -avenasterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, β-sitostanol, cholesterol), and three tocopherols (α, β, and γ tocopherols). The unsaponifiable fraction had significant protection against oxidative damage by modulating NO production and antioxidant activity. Statistical analysis showed the presence of three clusters of varieties associated to specific composition patterns. These results clearly demonstrated that unsaponifiable fraction profiles of grape species could be considered as a complementary data to the existing taxonomic evidence and classification purposes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Recently, much attention has been focused to substitute artificial antioxidant by others originating from natural products as plant matrices. The unsaponifiable fraction of grape seed oils is an interesting source of bioactive components like phytosterols, tocopherols, triterpenoids, and other various components. These components are known for their antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities.
TL;DR: A new cerebroside (1), along with three known steroidal compounds, β-sitosterol (2), daucosterol(3), and stigmasterol (4), were isolated from the roots of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr..
Abstract: A new cerebroside (1), along with three known steroidal compounds, β-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3), and stigmasterol (4), were isolated from the roots of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. The structure of 1 was determined to be 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2R,6E,9R,12E)2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxypentacosaneoyl-amino]-6,12-heptadecene-1,9-diol on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
TL;DR: Investigation of yellow flower extract of Tagetes patula L. led to the identification of an aggregate of five phytoceramides, three of which were identified as new compounds and termed as tagetceramides and several other compounds were also identified by GC/MS analysis.
Abstract: Investigation of yellow flower extract of Tagetes patula L. led to the identification of an aggregate of five phytoceramides. Among them, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]icosanamide, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]heneicosanamide, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]docosanamide, and (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]tricosanamide were identified as new compounds and termed as tagetceramides, whereas (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]tetracosanamide was a known ceramide. A steroid (β-sitosterol glucoside) was also isolated from the subsequent fraction. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, as well as chemical method. Several other compounds were also identified by GC/MS analysis. The fractions and some commercial products, a ceramide HFA, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were evaluated against an economically important cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae. Ceramide HFA showed 100 % mortality, whereas, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were 40-50 % active, at 1 % concentration after 24 h of exposure time, while β-sitosterol glucoside revealed no activity against the nematode.
TL;DR: In this study, derivatization of epigallocatechin (EGC) by representative phytosterols (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) was performed employing Steglich esterification, revealing their extraordinary antioxidant activities in O/W emulsion.
Abstract: In this study, derivatization of epigallocatechin (EGC) by representative phytosterols (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) was performed employing Steglich esterification. The structural identity and p...
TL;DR: It is reported that Leishmania sterol biosynthesis pathway has a chimeric organisation with characteristics of both plant and fungal pathways and is resistant to amphotericin B, a drug of choice for use against leishmaniasis.
Abstract: Background
Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite, a primary causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Sterol produced via the mevalonate pathway, show differences in composition across biological kingdoms. The specific occurrence of Δ22-unsaturated sterols, containing a double bond at the C-22 position in the side chain occurs in fungi as ergosterol and as stigmasterol in plants. In the present study, we report the identification and functional characterization of a plant-like Cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP710C1 in L. donovani as the Leishmania C-22 desaturase.
Methodology
In silico analysis predicted the presence of a plant like CYP710C1 gene that encodes a sterol C-22 desaturase, a key enzyme in stigmasterol biosynthesis. The enzymatic function of recombinant CYP710C1 as C-22 desaturase was determined. To further study the physiological role of CYP710C1 in Leishmania, we developed and characterized an overexpressing strain and a gene deletion mutant. C-22 desaturase activity and stigmasterol levels were estimated in the wild-type, overexpressing promastigotes and heterozygous mutants.
Conclusion
We for the first time report the presence of a CYP710C1 gene that encodes a plant like sterol C-22 desaturase leading to stigmasterol biosynthesis in Leishmania. The recombinant CYP710C1 exhibited C-22 desaturase activity by converting β-sitosterol to stigmasterol. Axenic amastigotes showed higher expression of CYP710C1 mRNA, protein and stigmasterol levels compared to the promastigotes. Sterol profiling of CYP710C1 overexpressing L. donovani and heterozygous mutant parasites demonstrated that CYP710C1 was responsible for stigmasterol production. Most importantly, we demonstrate that these CYP710C1 overexpressing promastigotes are resistant to amphotericin B, a drug of choice for use against leishmaniasis. We report that Leishmania sterol biosynthesis pathway has a chimeric organisation with characteristics of both plant and fungal pathways.
TL;DR: Investigation of the dynamics of phytosterol degradation in bulks of rapeseed stored under various temperature and water activity conditions showed that acid value and seed germination may be used as predictive factors for phytesterol degradation.
TL;DR: The future of OORC and Sprague-Dawley is in doubt.
Abstract: The ovum oil of forest frog has various health beneficial functions. In the current research, we evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of the low-cholesterol ovum oil from the forest frog and its combination with stigmasterol in rats.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the AHS-2 FFQ provided reasonable estimates of phytosterol intake and may be used in future studies relating phytosterone intake and disease outcomes.
Abstract: We evaluated the performance of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in estimating phytosterol intake against multiple 24 hr dietary recalls (24HDRs) using data from 1,011 participants of the calibration sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort. Dietary assessments of phytosterol intake included a self-administered FFQ and six 24HDRs and plasma sterols. Plasma sterols were determined using the gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) flame ionization method. Validation of energy-adjusted phytosterol intake from the FFQ with 24HDR was conducted by calculating crude, unadjusted, partial, and de-attenuated correlation coefficients (r) and cross-classification by race. On average, total phytosterol intake from the FFQ was 439.6 mg/day in blacks and 417.9 mg/day in whites. From the 24HDRs, these were 295.6 mg/day in blacks, and 351.4 mg/day in whites. Intake estimates of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, other plant sterols and total phytosterol from the FFQ had moderate to strong correlations with estimates from 24HDR (r=0.41 to 0.73). Correlations were slightly higher in whites (r=0.42 to 0.73) than in blacks (r=0.41 to 0.67). FFQ estimates were poorly correlated with plasma sterols as well as 24HDR versus plasma sterols. We conclude that the AHS-2 FFQ provided reasonable estimates of phytosterol intake and may be used in future studies relating phytosterol intake and disease outcomes.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A variety of seaweed biogenic compounds exhibiting antifouling activity, which belong to the group of fatty acids, lipopeptides, amides, alkaloids and sterols were discovered.
Abstract: Seaweeds are the major principle producers of oceanic plant community, distributed widely and indigenously and are recognized for their elaborate chemical defense characteristic against many biotic and abiotic factors. A variety of seaweed biogenic compounds exhibiting antifouling activity, which belongs to the group of fatty acids, lipopeptides, amides, alkaloids and sterols were discovered. In this study, D. dichotoma and S. granuliferum collected from Pulau Nunuyan Laut, Sabah, Malaysia were studied to determine its sterol composition and isolation was carried out to isolate their pure sterol compounds. Two assays consist of disc diffusion method for antibacterial activity and crystal violet assay were carried out to study its antifouling activity. Campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were the dominant sterol compound detected in both sample and six pure sterols were isolated (compound 1-6). Results from antibacteria and antifouling analysis showed better inhibition for gram negative compared to gram positive bacteria. Fucosterol (4) and epicoprostanol (5) gave best antibacteria activity with two bacteria inhibited compared to other compound. Meanwhile, coprostanol (1), campesterol (2), stigmasterol (3), epicoprostanol (5) and 5β-cholestan-3-one (6) showed strong antifouling activity towards the selected bacterial strains with IC50 values ranges from 266.3-425.8 µg/mL.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Stigmasterol, a phytosteroid was isolated for the first time from C. lasiantha using n-hexane as a solvent as discussed by the authors, which was characterized on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 1HNMR, DEPT-45, 90 & 135, and MS) by comparing them to their literature data.
Abstract: Stigmasterol, a phytosteroid was isolated for the first time from C. lasiantha using n-hexane as a solvent. Stigmasterol was characterized on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1HNMR, DEPT-45, 90 & 135, and MS) analysis as well as by comparing them to their literature data. A sequence of steps was adopted like saponification, fractional crystallization and gradient elution column chromatography to isolate stigmasterol because some phytosterols possess identical physical properties which makes it difficult to isolate the constituents.
TL;DR: Two new monoterpene Ducrosin A and sesquiterpene B were isolated along with three known compounds, stigmasterol, and two furanocoumarins from the dichloromethane extract of the seeds of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss, showing that compound 2 was the most cytotoxic agent.
TL;DR: The vitamin D family, vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7, is synthesized simultaneously from β-sitosterol, which is sold as a commercially available reagent from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Abstract: We succeeded in simultaneously synthesizing the vitamin D family, vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7, from β-sitosterol, which is sold as a commercially available reagent from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. It is officially sold as a mixture of four phytosterols {β-sitosterol (40-45%), campesterol (20-30%), stigmasterol, and brassicasterol}. Owing to this, we anticipated that, using this reagent, various vitamin D analogs could be synthesized simultaneously. We also synthesized vitamin D3 from pure cholesterol and analyzed and compared all vitamin D analogs (D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7) by HSQC NMR. We succeeded in clearly demonstrating the difference in the NMR chemical shifts for each vitamin D analog.
TL;DR: In this paper, fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus longifolius Miers (Menispermaceae), including two previously unreported neo-clerodane diterpenoids, penianthin (1) and its C-8 epimer (2).
TL;DR: The study suggests Commelina diffusa plant extract to have strong antioxidant and cytotoxic activity which is indicative of presence of compounds with broad spectrum of curative applications.
Abstract: Commelina diffusa Burm. F. is a herbaceous tropical plant with different traditional medicinal uses. Present study is aimed to isolate the bioactive compounds from DCM-Methanol extract of the powdered whole plant of Commelina diffusa and to investigate the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and its twelve vacuum liquid chromatographic fraction (CD1-12). Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) was employed to isolate bioactive metabolites. The physicochemical properties of the isolated compound were examined and the molecular structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. Cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant activities were evaluated following brine shrimp lethality bioassay, disc diffusion method and DPPH free radical scavenging assay respectively. The isolated compound was identified as steroid (stigmasterol) which had significant cytotoxic effect on vero cell line. The crude extract and its fractions (CD8-CD12) exhibited strong cytotoxicity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay having LC50 values 3.79, 9.19, 29.49, 16.60, 19.36, 44.58 μg/mL respectively. The crude extract showed mild to strong antibacterial activity. Fractions (CD5-CD12) showed mild to strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in comparison with Kanamycin (standard). Strong antioxidant activities were found in crude extract (IC50 value 30.52 μg/ml), CD11 (IC50 value 39.27 μg/ml) and CD12 (IC50 value 19.50 μg/ml). The study suggests Commelina diffusa plant extract to have strong antioxidant and cytotoxic activity which is indicative of presence of compounds with broad spectrum of curative applications. One compound namely stigmasterol has been isolated from the plant.
01 May 2019
TL;DR: This study aimed to assess the phytosterol content and amino acid profile of microalgae, which has been targeted because of several advantages, namely high area productivity, relative ease to cultivate, lack of need to compete with food products in terms of fertile areas, and ability to adapt to environmental changes by generating secondary metabolites that are useful.
Abstract: The potential of microalgae Spirulina sp. biomass as a raw material food is very large. Spirulina sp. is believed to promote health effects in human being. This study was aimed to assess the phytosterol content and amino acid profile of microalgae. Microalgae has been targeted because of several advantages, namely high area productivity, relative ease to cultivate, lack of need to compete with food products in terms of fertile areas, ability to adapt to environmental changes by generating secondary metabolites that are useful, and possibility to be used to refine and take nutritive from effluent. Spirulina sp. was collected from Yogyakarta, Indonesia and was tested for proximate content, B-sitosterol and stigmasterol content and amino acid profile. Spirulina sp. can be considered as a source of functional amino acid (FAA) in human nutrition as they are rich in glutamic acid (75,320.79 ppm), Leusin (58,568.49 ppm) and aspartic acid (43,830.78 ppm). Saponification fraction of Spirulina sp. contain 5.39+2.29 % B-sitosterol and 7.61+2.01 stigmasterol.
01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: This paper showed that Terminalia schimperiana root bark extract has potential to be exploited in the pharmaceutical firm in the search for stigmasterol related drug from nature, which was a white-yellow crystal which characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMP, COSY, HSQC and HMBC spectral techniques.
Abstract: Phytochemical screening of Terminalia schimperiana (Combretaceae) Root Bark showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroid carbohydrates and terpenoides in n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol as solvents of extraction. Isolated stigmasterol from Terminalia schimperiana was a white-yellow crystal which characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC spectral techniques. Research studies clearly revealed that Terminalia schimperiana root bark extract has potential to be exploited in the pharmaceutical firm in the search for stigmasterol related drug from nature.
TL;DR: Huang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the nutrients in HJ-1 cold-pressed whole-seed oil, their composition and contents in tocopherols, fatty acids, and phytosterols and compared them with those of seven selected vegetable oils.
Abstract: China has developed a new oil crop, micro-endosperm ultra-high oil corn, approved by the government in 2011 and named Huajian No. 1 (HJ-1). This study analyzed the nutrients in HJ-1 cold-pressed whole-seed oil, their composition and contents in tocopherols, fatty acids, and phytosterols and compares them with those of seven selected vegetable oils. HJ-1 oil contained α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol, with contents of 433.25 ± 0.13, 26.27 ± 0.08, 570.69 ± 0.27, and 38.41 ± 0.005 mg/kg, respectively, the highest nutritional values among the vegetable oils studied, except for soybean and palm oils. Gas chromatography was used for fatty acid analysis and seven were detected, with the main ones being palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. In HJ-1, the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid was close to 1:1, and b-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were present with contents of 254.20 ± 0.11, 108.91 ± 0.19, and 105.67 ± 0.58 mg/kg, respectively.
01 Oct 2019