Showing papers on "Super oxide dismutase published in 2017"
TL;DR: Novel kind of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by loading with Aβ generation inhibitor S1 (PQVGHL peptide) and curcumin to target the detrimental factors in AD development and by conjugating with brain targeting peptide CRT (cyclic CRTIGPSVC peptide), an iron-mimic peptide that targets transferrin receptor (TfR), to improve BBB penetration.
Abstract: // Na Huang 1, 2, * , Shuai Lu 1, * , Xiao-Ge Liu 1, 3, * , Jie Zhu 1 , Yu-Jiong Wang 2 and Rui-Tian Liu 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Rui-Tian Liu, email: rtliu@ipe.ac.cn Yu-Jiong Wang, email: wyj@nxu.edu.cn Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, nanoparticles, β-amyloid, curcumin, peptide Received: May 19, 2017 Accepted: July 26, 2017 Published: September 15, 2017 ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the formation of extracellular senile plaques and neuronal loss caused by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates in the brains of AD patients. Conventional strategies failed to treat AD in clinical trials, partly due to the poor solubility, low bioavailability and ineffectiveness of the tested drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Moreover, AD is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease; one-target strategies may be insufficient to prevent the processes of AD. Here, we designed novel kind of poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by loading with Aβ generation inhibitor S1 (PQVGHL peptide) and curcumin to target the detrimental factors in AD development and by conjugating with brain targeting peptide CRT (cyclic CRTIGPSVC peptide), an iron-mimic peptide that targets transferrin receptor (TfR), to improve BBB penetration. The average particle size of drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and CRT-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were 128.6 nm and 139.8 nm, respectively. The results of Y-maze and new object recognition test demonstrated that our PLGA nanoparticles significantly improved the spatial memory and recognition in transgenic AD mice. Moreover, PLGA nanoparticles remarkably decreased the level of Aβ, reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α and IL-6, and enhanced the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and synapse numbers in the AD mouse brains. Compared with other PLGA nanoparticles, CRT peptide modified-PLGA nanoparticles co-delivering S1 and curcumin exhibited most beneficial effect on the treatment of AD mice, suggesting that conjugated CRT peptide, and encapsulated S1 and curcumin exerted their corresponding functions for the treatment.
90 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between the translocated LPS and the suppression of cellular antioxidant defense capacity, which lead to increased oxidative stress, is demonstrated and suggests that the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response may be affected by higher levels of LPS translocated to the bloodstream.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a room temperature aqueous synthesis for low-cost production of shape-selective cerium oxide nanoparticles without potentially harmful organic substances, and additionally, investigates cell viability and super oxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activities.
Abstract: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), widely used in catalytic applications owing to their robust redox reaction, are now being considered in therapeutic applications based on their enzyme mimetic properties such as catalase and super oxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activities. In therapeutic applications, the emerging demand for CONPs with low cytotoxicity, high cost efficiency, and high enzyme mimetic capability necessitates the exploration of alternative synthesis and effective material design. This study presents a room temperature aqueous synthesis for low-cost production of shape-selective CONPs without potentially harmful organic substances, and additionally, investigates cell viability and catalase and SOD mimetic activities. This synthesis, at room temperature, produced CONPs with particular planes: {111}/{100} nanopolyhedra, {100} nano/submicron cubes, and {111}/{100} nanorods that grew in [110] longitudinal direction. Enzymatic activity assays indicated that nanopolyhedra with a high concentration of Ce4+ ions promoted catalase mimetic activity, while nanocubes and nanorods with high Ce3+ ion concentrations enhanced SOD mimetic activity. This is the first study indicating that shape and facet configuration design of CONPs, coupled with the retention of dominant, specific Ce valence states, potentiates enzyme mimetic activities. These findings may be utilized for CONP design aimed at enhancing enzyme mimetic activities in therapeutic applications.
69 citations
TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that carvacrol and thymol isolated from O. vulgare L. exhibit good bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and can be used as a green alternative to control dental caries.
Abstract: Organic compounds from plants are an attractive alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, two compounds namely M-1 and M-2 were purified from Origanum vulgare L. and were identified as carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these compounds along with chlorhexidine digluconate using various assays was determined against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The IC50 values of carvacrol (M-1) and thymol (M-2) against S. mutans were 65 and 54 µg/ml, respectively. Live and dead staining and the MTT assays reveal that a concentration of 100 µg/ml of these compounds reduced the viability and the metabolic activity of S. mutans by more than 50%. Biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene plates was significantly reduced by M-1 and M-2 at 100 µg/ml as observed under scanning electron microscope and by colorimetric assay. These results were in agreement with RT-PCR studies. Wherein exposure to 25 µg/ml of M-1 and M-2 showed a 2.2 and 2.4-fold increase in Autolysin gene (AtlE) expression level, respectively. While an increase of 1.3 and 1.4 fold was observed in the super oxide dismutase gene (sodA) activity with the same concentrations of M-1 and M-2, respectively. An increase in the ymcA gene and a decrease in the gtfB gene expression levels was observed following the treatment with M-1 and M-2. These results strongly suggest that carvacrol and thymol isolated from O. vulgare L. exhibit good bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and can be used as a green alternative to control dental caries.
68 citations
TL;DR: FA can challenge the oxidative stress by inducing nuclear translocation of Nrf2, scavenging ROS, and activating NHEJ DNA repair process to overcome ROS mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Abstract: The present study was aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of ferulic acid (FA), a naturally occurring plant flavonoid in terms of DNA damage and damage related alterations of repair pathways by gamma radiation. FA was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days prior to exposing the swiss albino mice to a single dose of 10 Gy gamma radiation. Ionising radiation induces oxidative damage manifested by decreased expression of Cu, Zn-SOD (SOD stands for super oxide dismutase), Mn-SOD and catalase. Gamma radiation promulgated reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated DNA damage and modified repair pathways. ROS enhanced nuclear translocation of p53, activated ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein), increased expression of GADD45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein) gene and inactivated Non homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. The comet formation in irradiated mice peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) reiterated the DNA damage in IR expo...
45 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the protective mechanism of TQ showed that TQ-pretreatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 proteins and SOD in the hippocampus, which attenuated brain injury induced by SE via an anti-oxidative pathway.
Abstract: Aim Status epilepticus (SE) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to seizure-induced brain injury. It is well known that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in status epilepticus (SE). Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive monomer extracted from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil that has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activity in various diseases. This study evaluated the protective effects of TQ on brain injury in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model of SE and investigated the underlying mechanism related to antioxidative pathway. Methods Electroencephalogram and Racine scale were used to value seizure severity. Passive-avoidance test was used to determine learning and memory function. Moreover, anti-oxidative activity of TQ was observed using Western blot and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. Results Latency to SE increased in the TQ-pretreated group compared with rats in the model group, while the total power was significantly lower. Seizure severity measured on the Racine scale was significantly lower in the TQ group compared with the model group. Results of behavioral experiments suggest that TQ may also have a protective effect on learning and memory function. Investigation of the protective mechanism of TQ showed that TQ-pretreatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 proteins and SOD in the hippocampus. Conclusion These findings showed that TQ attenuated brain injury induced by SE via an anti-oxidative pathway.
43 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that DEHP-mediated INS-1 cell dysfunction through a lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway, involving oxidative stress and p53 and ATM activation, is indicated.
41 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that supplementation of Q10 with ATV shows synergistic effect in reducing dopamine toxicity, and the combination of ATV+Q10 showed significant amelioration of dopamine toxicity compared to individual treatments.
Abstract: Atorvastatin (ATV) generally used to treat dyslipidemia is also reported to have effect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, atorvastatin can interfere with mitochondrial function by reducing the level of Q10. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) could be compromised. In this context, the present study evaluated the effect of ATV supplemented with Q10. 6-OHDA was unilaterally injected into the right striatum of male rats. On day 8 of 6-OHDA infusion, ATV (20 mg/kg), Q10 (200 mg/kg), and their combination were administered per oral for 14 days. On day 21, there was significant loss of striatal dopamine indicating neurotoxicity. The combination of ATV+Q10 showed significant amelioration of dopamine (DA) toxicity compared to individual treatments. Similarly, ATV+Q10 compared to individual treatment significantly decreased the motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA. Further, 6-OHDA induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). There was significant decrease in mitochondrial complex enzyme activities and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Treatment with ATV and ATV+Q10 ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing complex enzyme activities; however, only ATV+Q10 were able to stabilize MMP and maintained mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, there was significant induction of oxidative stress as observed from increase in lipid peroxidases (LPO) and nitrite (NO), and decrease in super oxide dismutase (SOD). Treatment with ATV+Q10 significantly altered the above effects indicating antioxidant activity. Furthermore, only combination of ATV and Q10 decreased the 6-OHDA induced expression of cytochrome-C, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Therefore, current results provide evidence that supplementation of Q10 with ATV shows synergistic effect in reducing dopamine toxicity.
35 citations
TL;DR: The induction of super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion‐s‐transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) suggests that Cd can regulate key molecular mechanisms.
32 citations
TL;DR: Exposure of rats to microwave radiation of 2.45GHz leads to detrimental changes in brain leading to lowering of learning and memory and expression of anxiety behavior in rats along with fall in brain antioxidant enzyme systems, clearly indicates.
27 citations
TL;DR: The effect of a standardised aqueous extract of the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) in preventing monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension in rat was investigated.
TL;DR: The activation of the mitoKATP channel could contribute to the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on rats induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Abstract: The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate whether the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel could participate in the effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats. Forty rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: sham operation (S) group; cerebral I/R group; dexmedetomidine (D) group; 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) group; 5-HD + D group. The cerebral I/R were produced by 2 h right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine (50μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally before ischemia and after the onset of reperfusion. 5-HD (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before ischemia. The neurological deficit score (NDS) and the levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. Compared to group S, NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher, and SOD levels were significantly lower in the other groups (P < 0.05). Compared to group I/R,NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower, and SOD level was significantly higher in group D (P < 0.05). Compared to group D, NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher, and SOD level was significantly lower in group5-HD + D (P < 0.05). The activation of the mitoKATP channel could contribute to the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on rats induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
TL;DR: This study shows that P. juliflora seed pod hexane extract is effective in producing lepidopteran larval mortality and this may be due to the presence of 9-Octadecyne.
TL;DR: Overall, CAR-modified-liposomes of SOD plus fasudil was as efficacious as plain drugs, given every 48 h, suggesting that the formulation can reduce the total drug intake, systemic exposures, and dosing frequency.
Abstract: Currently, two or more pulmonary vasodilators are used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but conventional vasodilators alone cannot reverse disease progression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a combination therapy comprising a vasodilator plus a therapeutic agent that slows pulmonary arterial remodeling and right heart hypertrophy is an efficacious alternative to current vasodilator-based PAH therapy. Thus, we encapsulated a cocktail of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide scavenger, and fasudil, a specific rho-kinase inhibitor, into a liposomal formulation equipped with a homing peptide, CAR. We evaluated the effect of the formulations on pulmonary hemodynamics in monocrotaline-induced PAH rats (MCT-induced PAH) and assessed the formulation’s efficacy in slowing the disease progression in Sugen-5416/hypoxia-induced PAH rats (SU/hypoxia-induced PAH). For acute studies, we monitored both mean pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures (mPAP and mSAP) for 2 to 6 h after a sing...
TL;DR: It is concluded that the exposure to either TCS or NaF resulted in significant perturbations in lung tissue after short term oral administration at variable instances but the co-exposure resulted in less severe toxicological consequences.
TL;DR: Too high feeding frequency induced oxidative stress and malondialdehyde accumulation, negatively affecting the health status of prawns and reduced its resistance to ammonia‐N stress; the optimal feeding frequency to improve growth and immune response of this species at juvenile stage is 3–4 times/day.
08 Aug 2017
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the efficiency of cobalt nano particles (CoNPs) on inhibition of fresh water algal blooms thereby reducing the eutrophication problem.
Abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms deplete nutrients, reduce water clarity, exhaust carbon di oxide and produces secondary metabolites which negatively affect aquatic organisms and water quality. Control of algal blooms using metal nano particles is one effective method for the safety of water environment. Cobalt nano particles (CoNPs) were synthesized and tested against microalgae isolated from fresh water cyanobacterial blooms by assessing the effects on growth rate, biomass concentration, photosynthetic pigments concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity. Microcystis and Oscillatoria were identified as the predominant isolates from algal blooms and treated with varying concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg·L-1) of CoNPs. Steady decline in the growth rate of microalgae was observed at the end of 5 days indicating the toxicity of CoNPs on microalgal growth. At the end of cultivation period, 78% and 88% of reduction in biomass concentration of Microcystis and Oscillatoria were observed at 5 mg·L-1 of CoNPs. The chlorophyll content was reduced from 1.53 to 0.24 mg·L-1 in Microcystis and 1.63 to 0.29 mg·L-1 in Oscillatoria. There was a 69.3% and 73.2% decrease in carotenoid content of Microcystis and Oscillatoria respectively. Both protein and carbohydrate contents of the microalgae were reduced with increasing concentration of nano particles. The decrease in Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity with increased nanoparticle concentration reveals the formation of stress in the microalgae. The increasing GSH activity proved the effect of CoNPs on the activation of antioxidative enzymes to protect the cells. This study demonstrates the efficiency of cobalt nano particles (CoNPs) on inhibition of fresh water algal blooms thereby reducing the eutrophication problem.
TL;DR: The experimental results indicated that the protective mechanism of PAP might be attributed partly to the inhibition of Rho/NF-κB pathway, and the effects of pilose antler peptide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury.
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of pilose antler peptide (PAP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. BalB/c mice intraperitoneally received PAP (10 and 20 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) 1 h prior to intratracheal instillation of LPS. PAP significantly decreased lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and restored LPS-induced lung histopathological changes. PAP also increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) level and inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) content and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in LPS-stimulated mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PAP inhibited Rho/NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced mice. Our experimental results indicated that the protective mechanism of PAP might be attributed partly to the inhibition of Rho/NF-κB pathway.
TL;DR: PSO has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes and can be considered as a natural cardioprotective agent to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract: Objective It has been well documented that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Previous studies have shown that pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate probable protective effects of PSO against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Materials and methods The cells were pretreated 24 hr with PSO 1 hr before exposure to 200 µM H2O2. Cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were measured by fluorimetric methods. Results H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability which was accompanied by an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decline in superoxide dismutase activity. Pretreatment with PSO increased viability of cardiomyocytes and decrease the elevated ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Also, PSO was able to restore superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion PSO has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage in cardiomyocytes and can be considered as a natural cardioprotective agent to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
TL;DR: The overall results of the study suggest that the peel chloroform extract can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis, perhaps by activation of an oxidative stress mechanism.
Abstract: In this study, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the organic extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Mangifera zeylanica fruit peel and flesh on estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cancer cells were examined. Chloroform extract of the peel was found to be cytotoxic to cancer cells (IC50 78.46 ± 1.7 µg/mL) while none of the flesh extracts were cytotoxic. Caspase 7 activity was increased and DNA fragmentation as well as morphological features of apoptosis shown by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst (33258) staining occurred in response to the chloroform extract of the peel. Peel chloroform extract also increased production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, glutathione-S-transferase and super oxide dismutase and depleted glutathione levels. The overall results of our study suggest that the peel chloroform extract can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis, perhaps by activation of an oxidative stress mechanism.
Practical Applications
Mangifera zeylanica (Sri Lankan endemic mango) is a plant endemic to Sri Lanka with edible fruits. Traditional Ayurvedic practitioners have used the bark of this plant for the treatment of some cancers. In the present study, the ability of Sri Lankan endemic mango fruit peel and flesh to inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer was explored. Only the chloroform extract of the fruit peel exhibited the capacity to mediate apoptosis via oxidative stress mechanism and this activity appeared to be due to the presence of some bio-active phytochemicals in the peel. This preliminary observation provides a rationale for use of dried M. zeylanica fruit peel as a cheap anticancer dietary supplement in Sri Lanka.
TL;DR: A higher efficiency of chelated compared to inorganic source of trace mineral premixes in marine rockfish was demonstrated and challenge test with E. tarda showed an improved disease resistance among the fish fed different levels of trace Mineral Premixes.
Abstract: The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of trace mineral (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) premixes from inorganic and chelated (chelated to 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid or hydroxy analog of methionine; Mintrex™, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA) sources, in rockfish, (Sebastes schlegeli). fed diets containing mineral inhibitor phytic acid. Seven isonitrogenous (46% crude protein/CP) and isocaloric (16.63 KJ available energy per g diet) semi-purified diets comprising of a Basal control and diets supplemented either with the inorganic (I) or chelated premix (M) at three different levels of 0.75 (I0.75/M0.75), 1.5 (I1.5/M1.5) and 3 (I3/M3) g kg−1 diets were formulated. Twenty-four fish averaging individual wet body weight of 9 ± 0.2 g (Mean ± SD) were fed one of the experimental diets in quadratic group for 16 weeks. Average weight gain (WG) of fish fed M3 was significantly higher than that of fish fed Basal control and I1.5 diets (P < 0.05). Whereas, data for the liver and whole body trace mineral contents showed a higher Cu and Zn saturation among fish fed M3 and M1.5 diets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hepatic Cu-Zn super oxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity was recorded to be highest for fish fed M3 diet. Whereas, hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value was lowest in fish fed M3 diet (P < 0.05). Challenge test with E. tarda showed an improved disease resistance among the fish fed different levels of trace mineral premixes. Therefore, these results demonstrated a higher efficiency of chelated compared to inorganic source of trace mineral premixes in marine rockfish.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Both banana pulp and peel have anti-anxiety, antidepressant effect as well as strengthen the memory possibly via its antioxidant mechanism, and it is recommended that supplementation of banana could be taken a vital role in stress (anxiety and depression) relief and increased in memory function possibly by phyto-antioxidants.
Abstract: The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-stress and memory enhancing effects of banana (Musa sapientum L.) fruit pulp and peel extract in male mice. Locally bred albino Wistar mice were divided into control and 2 test groups (n=10). Control rats received drinking water while test groups were treated with banana fruit pulp (600 mg/kg; oral administration) and extract of banana peel (400mg/kg; oral administration). Behavioral activities of animals were monitored 14 days post administration of banana pulp and peel extract. Depression-like symptoms were measured by forced swimming test (FST). Anxiety like behavior was monitored using light-dark activity (LDA) test and plus maze activity (PMA) test and memory functions of rats were assessed by morris water maze (MWM) test. Following 2 weeks animals were decapitated and brain was removed for estimation of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). In the present study both banana peel and pulp increased the time spent in light box and open arm, suggesting anxiolytic effects. A significant decrease in immobility time was observed in FST in both banana pulp and peel treated animals suggesting antidepressant like effects. Moreover, learning and memory assessed by MWM showed decrease in time to reach platform in both short term and long term memory test suggested increased memory function in both banana pulp and peel treated animals as compared to control animals. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) greater in banana pulp and peel treated animals than control. It is concluded that both banana pulp and peel have anti-anxiety, antidepressant effect as well as strengthen the memory possibly via its antioxidant mechanism. Therefore, it is recommended that supplementation of banana could be taken a vital role in stress (anxiety and depression) relief and increased in memory function possibly by phyto-antioxidants.
TL;DR: It is suggested that BLE ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and this protective effect possibly through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
TL;DR: Soil enrichment with lignite improves plant tolerance to salt toxicity via decreased oxidative stress, antioxidant activities and synthesis of osmoprotectants in soybean leading to increased plant biomass.
TL;DR: In this paper, the superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) functional analogue, Mn2L2Pn+ with a dinuclear Mn2(II,II)L2 core (HL = 2-{[[di(2-pyridyl)methyl](methyl)amino]methyl}phenol), results in a dual SOD/CAT functional analogue.
Abstract: The coupling of a polycationic Mn(III)-porphyrin, with a dinuclear Mn2(II,II)L2 core (HL = 2-{[[di(2-pyridyl)methyl](methyl)amino]methyl}phenol), results in a dual Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) functional analogue, Mn2L2Pn+, enabling a detoxification cascade of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide into benign H2O and O2. The SOD/CAT artificial manifolds, joined in one asset, exhibit a peak catalytic performance under physiological conditions, with log kcat(O2• –) ≥ 7 and kcat(H2O2)/KM = 1890. The dual-enzyme (dizyme) concept allows for a built-in self-protection against the irreversible bleaching of the porphyrin unit (>75% protection), readily induced by H2O2 (200 μM, 20 equiv, in buffer solution, pH 7.8). We show herein that incubation of the photosynthetic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with the synthetic dizyme (as low as 0.1 μM), prevents H2O2 accumulation under high-light illumination conditions, thus providing antioxidant surveillance and photoprotection.
TL;DR: ZON (subcytotoxic concentrations) protected RIN5f cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species levels; increased super oxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels; and reduced apoptotic death.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: Administration of the Scrophularia striata extract could reduce indices of oxidative stress and stimulate collagen synthesis and faster wound contraction, angiogenesis, vascular dilatation, and also reduces inflammation, edema, bleeding and scarring.
Abstract: Background and objectives: The Scrophularia striata plant has traditionally been used among people inhabited the Zagros as healing of wound and infection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing effect of aqueous and hydroalcholic extract of Scrophularia striata on the oxidative stress indices and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Material and methods: After collecting and drying the plants, hydroalcholic and aqueous extracts were prepared by maceration method. 60 male rats were randomly divided into control, omeprazole, and four groups receiving aqueous and hydroalcholic extracts (100 & 400 mg / kg) and were treated for two weeks. Then serumic levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as well as the stomach of rats was examined macroscopically. Results: The results have demonstrated that administration of the extract was effective on the MAD, SOD, TAC, and the size and number of ulcers (P <0.01), so that SOD and MAD has decreased with increasing dose of the extract but increased with TAC. Hydroalcholic and aqueous extracts reduced the number and size of gastric ulcersbut there was no difference between them. In addition, by increasing the dose of extract, the number and size of ulcers decreases. Discussion and conclusions: Administration of the Scrophularia striata extract could reduce indices of oxidative stress. Considering the macroscopic studies on the stomach, the herbal effective components probably stimulate collagen synthesis and faster wound contraction, angiogenesis, vascular dilatation, and also reduces inflammation, edema, bleeding and scarring. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of the extract.
TL;DR: Results revealed that dietary SG or SG + BG diets had positive responses over other additives in juvenile Amur catfish, however, Song-gang® stone is proposed to be a cheaper dietary additive contributing 0.04 cents/kg of feed based on economic point of view.
Abstract: Three different dietary additives were evaluated based on growth performance, innate immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile Amur catfish Silurus asotus. Four diets were prepared by supplementing 0.4% Song-gang® stone (SG), 0.05% Yucca meal (YM), 0.05% β-glucan (BG) in combination with 0.04% SG and 0.05% BG (SG + BG) to a basal commercial diet (control; CONT). Triplicate groups of fish averaging 4.95 ± 0.05 g were fed one of the test diets between 3 and 5% body weight for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed SG and SG + BG were significantly higher than those of fish fed the BG and CONT diets (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity in fish fed the SG, YM, and SG + BG diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CONT diet. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher among fish fed the SG, YM, BG and SG + BG diets than fish fed the CONT diet. After 14 days challenge test with Edwardsiella tarda, cumulative survival rates of fish fed the SG and SG + BG diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the BG and CONT diets. Results revealed that dietary SG or SG + BG diets had positive responses over other additives in juvenile Amur catfish. However, Song-gang® stone is proposed to be a cheaper dietary additive contributing 0.04 cents/kg of feed based on economic point of view.
TL;DR: Increased oxidative stress, decreased TAS and its apparent reversible changes evinced within 48 h after delivery in preeclampsia illustrated that placental abnormality is the contributing factor in the pathogenesis.
Abstract: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder involves altered homeostasis of oxidants–antioxidants, inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. The present study aim was to determine the levels of oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, ischemia modified albumin and xanthine oxidase), nutrient antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E), enzyme antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase), total antioxidant status (TAS) and its association with nitric oxide. The study population consists of three groups, non pregnants (Group 1, n = 57), normotensive pregnants (Group 2, n = 57) and Preeclampsia (Group 3, n = 57). Group 2 and 3 were followed after delivery within 48 h. In preeclampsia xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde and uric acid levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001), while TAS decreased (p < 0.05) when compared to normotensive pregnant and non pregnant. Catalase, glutathione reductase levels were increased (p < 0.005) and vitamin E, super oxide dismutase levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in preeclampsia when compared to normal pregnants. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed area under curve for xanthine oxidase (0.8), malondialdehyde (0.804), Uric acid (0.84), ischemia modified albumin (0.92) and catalase (0.88) which indicated as good markers in preeclampsia. Amongst, ischemia modified albumin is a better marker of intrauterine hypoxic reperfusion risk with sensitivity 87.7 % and specificity 91.2 %. The increased hydrogen peroxide from xanthine oxidase adds to oxidative stress and increased catalase activity in preeclampsia represents combating action. Increased oxidative stress, decreased TAS and its apparent reversible changes evinced within 48 h after delivery in preeclampsia illustrated that placental abnormality is the contributing factor in the pathogenesis.
TL;DR: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the antidepressant role of CPA in association with NO metabolism and further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Abstract: There is a crosstalk between mood disorders and oxidative stress. Chlorpheniramine (CPA), a first generation antihistamine, is hypothesized to have an anxiolytic role at high doses; however, its antidepressant and antioxidant roles have not previously been investigated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of CPA treatment in association with nitric oxide (NO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity in a mouse model of anxiety. BALB/c mice were divided into unstressed (naive), control, and CPA- (0.5 mg/kg) and escitalopram- (ESC; 10 mg/kg) treated groups for 3 weeks. Subsequently, they were immobilized for 6 h and subjected to behavioural paradigms as follows: The open field test, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the forced swim test to investigate motor function, anxiety and depression, respectively. The mice were sacrificed and serum was obtained to detect NO and SOD activity. Compared with the control group, the CPA-treated group demonstrated an antidepressant effect similar to that of the ESC-treated group. In addition, CPA prevented stress-induced NO without affecting SOD activity. CPA did not improve anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM, nor did it improve stress-induced locomotion and rearing, as demonstrated by the OFT. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the antidepressant role of CPA in association with NO metabolism. However, further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.