Showing papers on "UMTS frequency bands published in 2006"

A tutorial on microwave photonic filters

Abstract: Microwave photonic filters are photonic subsystems designed with the aim of carrying equivalent tasks to those of an ordinary microwave filter within a radio frequency (RF) system or link, bringing supplementary advantages inherent to photonics such as low loss, high bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), tunability, and reconfigurability. There is an increasing interest in this subject since, on one hand, emerging broadband wireless access networks and standards spanning from universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) to fixed access picocellular networks and including wireless local area network (WLAN), World Interoperability for Microwave Access, Inc. (WIMAX), local multipoint distribution service (LMDS), etc., require an increase in capacity by reducing the coverage area. An enabling technology to obtain this objective is based on radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems where signal processing is carried at a central office to where signals are carried from inexpensive remote antenna units (RAUs). On the other hand, microwave photonic filters can find applications in specialized fields such as radar and photonic beamsteering of phased-arrayed antennas, where dynamical reconfiguration is an added value. This paper provides a tutorial introduction of this subject to the reader not working directly in the field but interested in getting an overall introduction of the subject and also to the researcher wishing to get a comprehensive background before working on the subject.

Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for Umts

Abstract: From the Publisher: Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS comprehensively explains how to dimension, plan and optimise UMTS networks. It introduces the properties of the spread spectrum system and provides a general overview of the physical layer of UTRA FDD. The radio network planning process for WCDMA is clearly presented and detailed information on how to dimension, plan and rollout a 3G network, both theoretically and practically is provided. This valuable text examines current and future radio network management issues and their impact on network performance as well as the relevant capacity and coverage enhancement methods. Authoritative and instructive, this text will have instant appeal to wireless operators and network and terminal manufacturers. It will also be essential reading for university students, frequency regulation bodies and everyone interested in radio network planning and optimisation, especially RF network systems engineering professionals.

Study and Reduction of the Mutual Coupling Between Two Mobile Phone PIFAs Operating in the DCS1800 and UMTS Bands

Abstract: Several solutions are presented to reduce the mutual coupling between two planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) working in close radiocommunication standards and positioned on a finite-sized ground plane modeling the printed circuit board (PCB) of a typical mobile phone. First, the two PIFAs are designed on separate PCBs to, respectively, operate in the DCS1800 and UMTS bands. In a second step, they are associated on the top edge of the same PCB. Realistic arrangements are then theoretically and experimentally studied. Finally, several solutions are investigated to maximize the isolation. They consist in inserting a suspended line between the PIFAs' feedings and/or shorting points. All along this paper, several prototypes are fabricated and their performances measured to validate the obtained IE3D moment method-based simulation results

Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA)

Abstract: This document specifies an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) mechanism for authentication and session key distribution using the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) mechanism used in the 3rd generation mobile networks Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and cdma2000. AKA is based on symmetric keys, and runs typically in a Subscriber Identity Module (UMTS Subscriber Identity Module USIM, or (Removable) User Identity Module (R)UIM), a smart card like device. EAP-AKA includes optional identity privacy support, optional result indications, and an optional fast re-authentication procedure.

Automated optimization of service coverage and base station antenna configuration in UMTS networks

Abstract: Deployment and maintenance of UMTS networks involve optimizing a number of network configuration parameters in order to meet various service and performance requirements. In this article we address automated optimization of service coverage and radio base station antenna configuration. We consider three key configuration parameters: transmit power of the common pilot channel (CPICH), antenna tilt, and antenna azimuth. CPICH power greatly influences coverage. From a resource management point of view, satisfying the coverage requirement using minimum CPICH power offers several performance advantages. In particular, less CPICH power leads to less interference and higher system capacity. Optimal CPICH power, in its turn, is highly dependent on how the other two parameters, tilt and azimuth, are configured at radio base station antennas. Optimizing antenna tilt and azimuth network-wise, with the objective of minimizing the CPICH power consumption, is a challenging task. The solution approach in this article adopts automated optimization. Our optimization engine is a simulated annealing algorithm. Staring from an initial configuration, the algorithm searches effectively in the solution space of possible configurations in order to find improvements. The algorithm is computationally efficient; thus, we can optimize large networks without using excessive computing resources. We present a case study for a UMTS planning scenario in Lisbon. For this network, automated optimization saves up to 70 percent of the CPICH power used in the reference network configuration. In addition, the optimized network configuration offers significant performance improvement in terms of fewer overloaded cells and lower downlink load factor

A 4th-order active-G/sub m/-RC reconfigurable (UMTS/WLAN) filter

Abstract: A fourth-order low-pass continuous-time filter for a UMTS/WLAN receiver of a reconfigurable terminal is presented. The filter uses the cascade of two Active-Gm-RC biquad cells. A single opamp is used for each biquad and its unity-gain-bandwidth is comparable to the filter cut-off frequency. Thus, the opamp power consumption is strongly reduced w.r.t. other closed-loop filter configurations. The cut-off frequency deviation due to the technological spread, aging and temperature variation is adjusted by an on-chip tuning circuit. The device in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology occupies a 0.9 mm2 area and it consumes 3.4 mW and 11 4.2 mW for the UMTS and WLAN, respectively. The full chip has been designed using an automatic design tool, which is validated by the agreement between the experimental results and the expected performance

QoS and QoE Management in UMTS Cellular Systems: Soldani/QoS and QoE Management in UMTS Cellular Systems

Abstract: This comprehensive volume provides state-of-the art guidance on Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of end-user Experience (QoE) management in UMTS cellular systems, tackling planning, provisioning, monitoring and optimisation issues in a single accessible resource. In addition, a detailed discussion is provided on service applications, QoS concept, architecture and functions in access, packet & circuit switched core and backbone networks. • Defines and explains the differences between QoS and QoE, and end-to-end concept, based on the premise that it is the end-user who is the ultimate beneficiary of QoS.

Integrated Radio Resource Allocation for Multihop Cellular Networks With Fixed Relay Stations

Abstract: Recently, the notion that a logical next step towards future mobile radio networks is to introduce multihop relaying into cellular networks, has gained wide acceptance. Nevertheless, due to the inherent drawbacks of multihop relaying, e.g., the requirement for extra radio resources for relaying hops, and the sensitivity to the quality of relaying routes, multihop cellular networks (MCNs) require a well-designed radio resource allocation strategy in order to secure performance gains. In this paper, the optimal radio resource allocation problem in MCNs, with the objective of throughput maximization, is formulated mathematically and proven to be NP-hard. Considering the prohibitive complexity of finding the optimal solution for such an NP-hard problem, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm, named integrated radio resource allocation (IRRA), to find suboptimal solutions. The IRRA is featured as a low-complexity algorithm that involves not only base station (BS) resource scheduling, but also routing and relay station (RS) load balancing. Specifically, a load-based scheme is developed for routing. A mode-aware BS resource-scheduling scheme is proposed for handling links in different transmission modes, i.e., direct or multihop. Moreover, a priority-based RS load balancing approach is presented for the prevention of the overloading of RSs. Within the framework of the IRRA, the above three functions operate periodically with coordinated interactions. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed IRRA algorithm, a case study was carried out based on enhanced uplink UMTS terrestrial radio access/frequency-division duplex with fixed RSs. The IRRA is evaluated through system level simulations, and compared with two other cases: 1) nonrelaying and 2) relaying with a benchmark approach. The results show that the proposed algorithm can ensure significant gains in terms of cell throughput

Wireless multi-standard terminals: system analysis and design of a reconfigurable RF front-end

Abstract: The availability of multi-standard terminals will be key to provide location independent connections able to take advantage of any possible infrastructure. This paper addresses both the architecture and the circuits for the RF front-end of a terminal with cellular (GSM, EDGE and UMTS), LAN (IEEE802.11a/b/g) and Bluetooth radio interfaces. A multi-standard simulator has been developed to validate the architectural and design choices in terms of error rates at bit or packet level. The simulator takes into account implementation non-idealities and performs all tests to be passed to comply with the given standards. It also hints at the need for implementation margins as well as at possible optimization between different RF-blocks. The final solution, still under design, will consists of two chips, one including the TX and the other the RX for all the above standards. The cellular (plus Bluetooth) transmitter relies on a Linear amplification with Non-linear Component (LINC) architecture that uses direct modulation of the carrier. This allows power saving because DAC and up-conversion mixers are not required. The WLAN (plus Bluetooth) transmitter adopts a direct-conversion architecture that implements an internal output matching over all the frequency bands while maintaining good system efficiency. The same building blocks are used for all standards, saving power and chip area. The cellular receiver architecture is able to reconfigure between Low-IF for GSM and direct conversion for UMTS and Bluetooth. The key aspects in achieving the specs in a fully integrated fashion are a mixer with a very high dynamic range, a careful control of DC offsets and a highly tunable VCO. The WLAN receiver also uses direct-conversion with a Low Noise Amplifier based on a common gate topology that uses positive feedback through integrated transformers to improve input matching and noise. The frequency down-converter uses current driven passive mixers to achieve low 1/f noise corner, and high linearity with low power consumption. Finally, the base-band blocks can be shared among all the standard, thanks to their high reconfigurability. The paper describes the ideas behind the key RF blocks and some details of circuit implementation. Experimental measurements from sub-blocks in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented and discussed.

Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks: Techniques, Models and Tools for 4G

Abstract: Preface List of contributors and editors List of acronyms 1 Introduction 2 Transmission techniques 3 Signal processing 4 Propagation modelling and channel characterisation 5 Antennas and diversity: from narrow band to ultra wide band 6 MIMO channel modelling 7 MIMO systems 8 Radio network aspects 9 UMTS radio networks Index

Video Streaming over MBMS: A System Design Approach

Abstract: Recently, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) has been specified by 3GPP as a Release 6 feature in order to meet the increasing demands of multimedia download and streaming applications in mobile scenarios. H.264, as the unique recommended video codec for MBMS, serves as an essential component because of its high compression efficiency and easy network integration capability. In this study, we introduce and analyze the main system design parameters that influence the performance of the H.264 encoded video streaming over EGPRS and UMTS bearers. Effective design methodology including robustness against packet losses and efficient use of the scarce radio resources is presented. Care is taken on the processing power of mobiles, service delay constraints, and heterogeneous receiving conditions. Then, we investigate application of an advanced receiver concept, the so-called permeable layer receiver, in MBMS video broadcasting environments. Selected simulation results show the suitability of certain parameter selection as well as the benefits provided by the advanced receiver concept. Finally, a real-time test bed for MBMS called RealNeS-MBMS is presented. With this tool, a standard-compliant GERAN network can be simulated and the system design procedure including H.264 based video broadcast streaming can be evaluated in real-time.

Handover method and apparatus between different systems

Abstract: A method and apparatus performs handover from a E-UMTS system to a UMTS system. An E-RAN of the E-UMTS system determines to perform the handove based on a measured signal strength of the UMTS system reported from a UE. Then, am E-CN of the E-UMTS system generates a PDP context and an MM context for the UE, and sets up a data tunnel for the UE to a GGSN of the UMTS system using the PDP/MM context. The E-CN sends to the UE a handover command message including information on an RB to be used by the UE to access the UMTS system. The UE accesses the UMTS system using the RB information, and forwards user data for the UE via a data transmission path composed of the E-CN, the data tunnel, a SGSN, and a RAN of the UMTS system.

Event trigger for scheduling information in wireless communication networks

Abstract: A mobile wireless communication terminal, for example, 3G UMTS user equipment (UE), and methods including receiving (310) a notification of a change in a cell serving the mobile wireless communication terminal, and transmitting (320) scheduling information to a new serving cell in response to receiving the notification of the serving cell change. In the 3G UMTS applications, the notification is an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) allocation, and the scheduling information includes buffer and transmitting power headroom information is transmitted in an enhanced medium access control (MAC-e) protocol data unit (PDU).

Utran Long Term Evolution in 3GPP

Abstract: The 3rd Generation Partner Ship Project (3GPP) produced the first version of WCDMA standard in the end of 1999, which is the basis of the Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) deployed in the field today. This release, called release 99, contained all the basic elements to meet the requirements for IMT-2000 technologies. Release 5 introduced the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in 2002, enabling now more realistic 2 Mbps and even beyond with data rates up to 14 Mbps. Further Release 6 followed with High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) in end of 2004, with market introduction expected in 2007. Alongside with on-going further WCDMA development, work on Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) has been initiated in 3GPP. The objective of Evolved UTRA is to develop a framework for the evolution of the 3GPP radio-access technology towards wider bandwidth, lower latency and packet-optimized radio-access technology with peak data rate capability up to 100 Mbps. This paper introduces the requirements, the current state of progress in 3GPP, findings on the performance, agreed architecture as well as expected schedule for actual specification availability.

A Compact Multiband Planar Antenna for Mobile Handsets

Abstract: A novel compact planar antenna is presented in this letter, which can operate in five bands: GSM (890-960 MHz), DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), and WLAN (2400-2484 MHz). Consisting of three resonant branches and one tuning branch, the antenna occupies an area of 38.5 times 15 mm2. Due to its two-dimensional (2-D) structure, the antenna is directly printed on the circuit board with low cost, and can be easily integrated with other parts of the circuits of mobile handsets. A prototype has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results validate the design procedure

An Architecture for UMTS-WIMAX Interworking

Abstract: One motivation of next generation networks is the ubiquitous wireless access abilities which provide the automatic handovers for any moving devices in the heterogeneous networks combining different access technologies. In this paper, we present a possible UMTS-WIMAX interworking architecture based on the 3GPP standards and propose the seamless inter-system handover scheme which enables the service continuity with low handover latency and packet loss.

UMTS Radio link control with full concatenation

Abstract: Enhanced throughput is achieved by using full concatenation of SDUs, SDU fragments, and STATUS PDUs within the protocol data units of a UMTS-based system

A novel compact wide-band planar antenna for mobile handsets

Abstract: A novel printed compact wide-band planar antenna for mobile handsets is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The radiating patch of the proposed antenna is designed jointly with the shape of the ground plane. A prototype of the proposed antenna with 30 mm in height and 50 mm in width has been fabricated and tested. Its operating bandwidth with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) lower than 3:1 is 870-2450 MHz, which covers the global system for mobile communication (GSM, 890-960 MHz), the global positioning system (GPS, 1575.42 MHz), digital communication system (DCS, 1710-1880 MHz), personal communication system (PCS, 1850-1990 MHz), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS, 1920-2170 MHz), and wireless local area network (WLAN, 2400-2484 MHz) bands. Therefore, it could be applicable for the existing and future mobile communication systems. Design details and experimental results are also presented and discussed.

Gateway for a system having multiple radio access technologies

Abstract: A telecommunications system is disclosed, including a first radio access technology (legacy: GSM; UMTS/UTRAN) having a first radio access network (node B 15, RNC 17), and a second radio access technology (EUTRA) having a second radio access network (AP 20), wherein said first radio access network (node B 15, RNC 17) is divided into a plurality of first areas and said second radio access network (AP 20) is divided into a plurality of second areas, and wherein a home subscriber server entity (HSS 10) is provided that is common to both the first and second radio access technologies (legacy: GSM; UMTS) and which controls in which of the first and second areas a mobile terminal (UE 1) is registered, characterized in that a common control plane gateway entity (CP-GW 24) is provided through which communications from the first and second radio access networks, which relate to the first and second area which the mobile terminal (UE 1) occupies, are routed.

Baseband analog front-end and digital back-end for reconfigurable multi-standard terminals

Abstract: Multimedia applications are driving wireless network operators to add high-speed data services such as EDGE (E-GPRS), WCDMA (UMTS) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11a,b,g) to the existing network. This creates the need for multi-mode cellular handsets that support a wide range of communication standards, each with a different RF frequency, signal bandwidth, modulation scheme, etc. This in turn generates several design challenges for the analog and digital building blocks of the physical layer. In addition to the above mentioned protocols, mobile devices often include Bluetooth, GPS, FM-radio and TV services that can work concurrently with data and voice communication. Multi-mode, multi-band, and multi-standard mobile terminals must satisfy all these different requirements. Sharing and/or switching transceiver building blocks in these handsets is mandatory in order to extend battery life and/or to reduce cost. Only adaptive circuits that are able to reconfigure themselves within the handover time can meet the design requirements of a single receiver or transmitter covering all the different standards while ensuring seamless inter-operability. This paper presents analog and digital base-band circuits that are able to support GSM (with EDGE), WCDMA (UMTS), WLAN and Bluetooth using reconfigurable building blocks. The blocks can trade off power consumption for performance on the fly, depending on the standard to be supported and the required QoS (Quality of Service) level.

Enhanced location-based billing for gprs/umts networks

Abstract: A method of processing communication transactions associated with a mobile node communicating with a serving network, the method comprising receiving a first data communication, from an external Location Based Service, the first data communication relating to a first location of the mobile node, processing a communication transaction based on a first charging profile associated with the first data communication, and in response to receiving a second data communication relating to a second location of the mobile node, processing the communication transaction based on a second charging profile associated with the second location of the mobile node.

UMTS Radio Network Evaluation and Optimization beyond Snapshots

Abstract: A new evaluation scheme for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) radio networks is introduced. The approach takes the complex coupling of coverage and capacity through interference into account. Cell load estimates, otherwise obtained through Monte-Carlo simulation, can now be approximated without time-consuming iterative simulations on user snapshots. The two cornerstones are the generalization of interference coupling matrices from user snapshots to average load and the emulation of load control by an analytical scaling scheme. Building on the new evaluation scheme, two novel radio network optimization algorithms are presented: an efficient local search procedure and a mixed integer program that aims at designing the coupling matrix. Computational experiments for optimizing antenna tilts show that our new approaches outperform traditional snapshot models

UMTS networks

Abstract: The expansion of UMTS increases the production of terminals, services, and the installation of the new mobile telephony base stations. The development of UMTS telephony indicates a great possibility of growth of power electronics. The power supply system described in this article is based on modularity, reliability and accessibility. These new systems also optimize the security of the electric power supply.

Optimizing base station location and configuration in UMTS networks

Abstract: Radio planning and coverage optimization are critical issues when deploying and expanding third generation cellular systems. We investigate mixed integer programming models for locating and configuring base stations in UMTS networks so as to maximize coverage and minimize installation costs. The overall model considers both uplink and downlink directions, that we studied separately in Amaldi et al. (2002, 2003b). The two-stage Tabu Search algorithm we propose exploits solutions of a simplified model for the uplink direction to drastically reduce the computational time required to find good approximate solutions of the overall uplink and downlink model.Computational results obtained for realistic instances %with voice as well as data traffic are reported and discussed.

Optimization problems and models for planning cellular networks

Abstract: During the last decade the tremendous success of mobile phone systems has triggered considerable technological advances as well as the investigation of mathematical models and optimization algorithms to support planning and management decisions. In this chapter, we give an overview of some of the most significant optimization problems arising in planning second and third generation cellular networks, we describe the main corresponding mathematical models, and we briefly mention some of the computational approaches that have been devised to tackle them. For second generation systems (GSM), the planning problem can be subdivided into two distinct subproblems: coverage planning, in which the antennas are located so as to maximize service coverage, and capacity planning, in which frequencies are assigned to the antennas so as to maximize a measure of the overall quality of the received signals. For third generation systems (UMTS) network planning is even more challenging, since, due to the peculiarities of the radio interface, coverage and capacity issues must be simultaneously addressed.

Enhanced Diversity Antennas for UMTS Handsets

Abstract: In this paper, we present several UMTS multi-antenna systems having radiators with low mutual coupling and high total efficiency Firstly, two antennas are simply positioned at the top of a small ground plane whose size is representative of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of a mobile phone A solution is then proposed to decrease their mutual coupling and enhance their total efficiency Then the same neutralization technique is applied to a four-antenna structure These systems are fabricated and measured The simulated and measured S-parameters and total efficiencies are presented The envelope correlation values are also shown and discussed It is demonstrated that this neutralization technique could be easily implemented at the terminal side of a wireless link to achieve enhanced diversity antennas

1.2-V Low-Power Multi-Mode DAC+Filter Blocks for Reconfigurable (WLAN/UMTS, WLAN/Bluetooth) Transmitters

Abstract: Two versions of a baseband block composed by a 8-bit current-steering DAC and a fourth-order low-pass reconstruction filter are realized in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology to be embedded in multistandard wireless transmitters. In order to satisfy the specifications of WLAN IEEE 802.11a/b/g, UMTS, and Bluetooth standards, the proposed devices can be digitally programmed, adjusting the DAC conversion frequency and the low-pass filter cut-off frequency. For the WLAN case, the DAC operating frequency and the filter bandwidth are set to 100 MHz and 11 MHz, respectively, for the UMTS case, they are equal to 50 MHz and 2.5 MHz, and for the Bluetooth case, they are equal to 50 MHz and 1 MHz. The first device is reconfigurable between WLAN and UMTS, and the second one between WLAN and Bluetooth. The two fabricated devices operate from a single 1.2-V supply voltage and occupy a 0.8 mm 2 and 0.7 mm2 die area, respectively. The power consumption is optimized according to the operation mode and is 8 mW in WLAN mode, 8.4 mW in UMTS mode, and 5.4 mW in Bluetooth mode. For all the considered standards, the measured OIP3 is larger than 28 dBm, while the SFDR is 54 dB for WLAN, 61 dB for UMTS, and 63 dB for Bluetooth

Diversity receiver for wireless communication

Abstract: A diversity receiver capable of receiving a CDMA system (e.g., a W-CDMA system) and a TDMA system (e.g., a GSM system), with receive diversity for at least one system, is described. W-CDMA is often referred to as UMTS. In one design, the diversity receiver includes a first receiver for GSM and a second receiver for UMTS. The first receiver may be implemented with one receiver design, may be spec-compliant for GSM, and may also support UMTS. The second receiver may be implemented with another receiver design, may be spec-compliant for UMTS, and may also support GSM. The first receiver may include a lowpass filter having a bandwidth that is adjustable for GSM and UMTS. The second receiver may include a bandpass filter used to attenuate a transmit frequency range for UMTS. Each receiver may include circuit blocks that are used for both GSM and UMTS.

Facilitating and authenticating transactions

Abstract: A computer, such as a Windows-based PC 23 , has associated with it a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 15 , such as of the type used in a GSM or UMTS cellular or mobile telecommunications network. The SIM 15 can be authenticated with the network 3 in the same way as for authenticating SIMs of mobile telephone handsets used in the network, and can in this way authenticate the user of the PC 23 or the PC 23 itself. Such authentication can, for example, permit use of the PC 23 in relation to a particular application running on the PC 23 . Challenge and response messages are transmitted between the network 3 and the SIM 15 via an authenticator module 30 implemented on the PC 23 . These authentication messages have the predetermined format of an Over The Air (OTA) message, which is also used in GSM or UMTS telecommunications networks to transmit non-authentication messages—for example, SMS messages. The authentication data is encapsulated within OTA messages. The OTA messages are not necessarily transmitted wirelessly (that is, over the air). They may be transmitted via a fixed network; however, they have the predetermined format of OTA messages.