C
C. Kramer
Researcher at University of Cologne
Publications - 221
Citations - 11141
C. Kramer is an academic researcher from University of Cologne. The author has contributed to research in topics: Galaxy & Star formation. The author has an hindex of 56, co-authored 221 publications receiving 10462 citations. Previous affiliations of C. Kramer include Max Planck Society & Kapteyn Astronomical Institute.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)
Th. de Graauw,Th. de Graauw,Frank Helmich,Thomas G. Phillips,J. Stutzki,Emmanuel Caux,Emmanuel Caux,N. Whyborn,Pieter Dieleman,Pieter R. Roelfsema,H. Aarts,R. Assendorp,Rafael Bachiller,W. Baechtold,A. Barcia,D. A. Beintema,Victor Belitsky,Arnold O. Benz,R. Bieber,Adwin Boogert,Colin Borys,Bruce Bumble,P. Cais,P. Cais,M. Caris,Pasquale Cerulli-Irelli,Goutam Chattopadhyay,Serguei Cherednichenko,M. Ciechanowicz,O. Coeur-Joly,O. Coeur-Joly,C. Comito,A. Cros,A. Cros,A. de Jonge,G. de Lange,B. Delforges,B. Delforges,Y. Delorme,T. den Boggende,J. Desbat,J. Desbat,C. Diez-Gonzalez,A. M. di Giorgio,L. Dubbeldam,K. Edwards,K. Edwards,Martin Eggens,Neal R. Erickson,Jaap Evers,Michel Fich,T. Finn,B. Franke,Todd Gaier,C. Gal,Jian-Rong Gao,Juan Daniel Gallego,S. Gauffre,S. Gauffre,John Gill,S. Glenz,H. Golstein,H. Goulooze,T. Gunsing,R. Güsten,Paul Hartogh,W. A. Hatch,R. Higgins,R. Higgins,E. C. Honingh,R. Huisman,Brian Jackson,H. Jacobs,Karl Jacobs,Christopher Jarchow,Hamid Javadi,Willem Jellema,M. Justen,Alexandre Karpov,C. Kasemann,J. Kawamura,Geert Keizer,Dominicus Kester,T. M. Klapwijk,Th. Klein,Erik L. Kollberg,Jacob Kooi,P.-P. Kooiman,B. Kopf,M. Krause,J. M. Krieg,C. Kramer,B. Kruizenga,T. Kuhn,W. M. Laauwen,R. Lai,Bengt Larsson,Henry G. LeDuc,Christian Leinz,R. H. Lin,René Liseau,René Liseau,G. S. Liu,Alexander Loose,I. Lopez-Fernandez,S. D. Lord,W. Luinge,A. Marston,Jesús Martín-Pintado,Alain Maestrini,Frank Maiwald,C. McCoey,Imran Mehdi,A. Megej,M. Melchior,L. Meinsma,Harald Franz Arno Merkel,M. Michalska,Christian Monstein,D. Moratschke,Patrick W. Morris,Holger S. P. Müller,J. A. Murphy,A. Naber,E. Natale,W. Nowosielski,Francesco Nuzzolo,Michael Olberg,Michael Olberg,M. Olbrich,R. Orfei,Piotr Orleanski,Volker Ossenkopf,T. Peacock,J. C. Pearson,I. Peron,S. Phillip-May,Lorenzo Piazzo,P. Planesas,M. Rataj,L. Ravera,L. Ravera,Christophe Risacher,M. Salez,Lorene Samoska,Paolo Saraceno,Rudolf Schieder,Erich Schlecht,F. Schlöder,F. Schmülling,M. Schultz,K. F. Schuster,O. Siebertz,H. Smit,Ryszard Szczerba,R. Shipman,E. Steinmetz,J. A. Stern,M. Stokroos,Rafael Teipen,David Teyssier,T. Tils,Neil Trappe,C. van Baaren,B. J. van Leeuwen,H. van de Stadt,Hubregt J. Visser,K. Wildeman,C. K. Wafelbakker,John Ward,P.R. Wesselius,Wolfgang Wild,S. Wulff,Hans-Joachim Wunsch,X. Tielens,X. Tielens,P. Zaal,Herbert Zirath,Jonas Zmuidzinas,F. Zwart +179 more
TL;DR: The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009 as mentioned in this paper, which is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer mixers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Markarian 231
P. van der Werf,Kate Gudrun Isaak,Kate Gudrun Isaak,Rowin Meijerink,Marco Spaans,A. Rykala,Trevor Fulton,A. F. Loenen,Fabian Walter,Axel Weiß,Lee Armus,J. Fischer,Frank P. Israel,Andrew I. Harris,Sylvain Veilleux,Carsten Henkel,Giorgio Savini,S. D. Lord,Howard A. Smith,Eduardo González-Alfonso,David A. Naylor,Susanne Aalto,Vassilis Charmandaris,Kalliopi Dasyra,Aaron S. Evans,Aaron S. Evans,Yu Gao,Thomas R. Greve,Thomas R. Greve,Rolf Güsten,C. Kramer,Jesús Martín-Pintado,Joseph M. Mazzarella,Philippos Papadopoulos,D. B. Sanders,Luigi Spinoglio,Gordon J. Stacey,Catherine Vlahakis,Martina C. Wiedner,Emmanuel M. Xilouris +39 more
TL;DR: In this article, a full high-resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231 is presented, including 25 lines, including CO J = 5-4 through J = 13-12, 7 rotational lines of H2O, 3 of OH+ and one line each of H 2O+, CH+, and HF.
Journal ArticleDOI
In-orbit performance of Herschel-HIFI
Pieter R. Roelfsema,Frank Helmich,D. Teyssier,Volker Ossenkopf,Volker Ossenkopf,Patrick W. Morris,Michael Olberg,Michael Olberg,R. Shipman,Christophe Risacher,M. Akyilmaz,R. Assendorp,I. M. Avruch,I. M. Avruch,D. A. Beintema,N. Biver,Adwin Boogert,Colin Borys,J. Braine,J. Braine,M. Caris,Emmanuel Caux,Emmanuel Caux,José Cernicharo,O. Coeur-Joly,O. Coeur-Joly,Claudia Comito,G. de Lange,B. Delforge,Pieter Dieleman,L. Dubbeldam,Th. de Graauw,K. Edwards,Michel Fich,F. Flederus,C. Gal,A. M. di Giorgio,Fabrice Herpin,Fabrice Herpin,D. R. Higgins,A. Hoac,R. Huisman,Christopher Jarchow,Willem Jellema,A. de Jonge,Dominicus Kester,T. Klein,Jacob Kooi,C. Kramer,W. M. Laauwen,Bengt Larsson,Christian Leinz,S. D. Lord,A. Lorenzani,W. Luinge,A. Marston,Jesús Martín-Pintado,C. McCoey,M. Melchior,M. Michalska,R. Moreno,Holger S. P. Müller,W. Nowosielski,Yoko Okada,Piotr Orleanski,Thomas G. Phillips,J. C. Pearson,D. Rabois,D. Rabois,L. Ravera,L. Ravera,J. Rector,Miriam Rengel,Hideo Sagawa,W. Salomons,E. Sánchez-Suárez,Rudolf Schieder,F. Schlöder,F. Schmülling,Marco Soldati,J. Stutzki,B. Thomas,Alexander G. G. M. Tielens,Charlotte Vastel,Charlotte Vastel,K. Wildeman,Q. Xie,M. Xilouris,C. K. Wafelbakker,N. Whyborn,P. Zaal,Tom Bell,Per Bjerkeli,E. De Beck,Thibault Cavalié,Nathan R. Crockett,Pierre Hily-Blant,Mihkel Kama,Mihkel Kama,Tomasz S. Kaminski,Bertrand Lefloch,Robin Lombaert,M. De Luca,Z. Makai,M. Marseille,Z. Nagy,Z. Nagy,S. Pacheco,M. H. D. van der Wiel,M. H. D. van der Wiel,S. Wang,Umut A. Yildiz +111 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the calibration and in-orbit performance of the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) is described based on a combination of ground and in flight tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Mrk231
P. van der Werf,K. G. Isaak,Rowin Meijerink,Marco Spaans,A. Rykala,Trevor Fulton,A. F. Loenen,Fabian Walter,Axel Weiss,L. Armus,J. Fischer,Frank P. Israel,Andrew I. Harris,Sylvain Veilleux,Carsten Henkel,Giorgio Savini,S. D. Lord,Howard A. Smith,Eduardo González-Alfonso,David A. Naylor,Susanne Aalto,V. Charmandaris,Kalliopi Dasyra,Aaron S. Evans,Yang Gao,Thomas R. Greve,Rolf Guesten,C. Kramer,Jesús Martín-Pintado,Joseph M. Mazzarella,Philippos Papadopoulos,D. B. Sanders,Luigi Spinoglio,Gordon J. Stacey,C. Vlahakis,Martina C. Wiedner,E. M. Xilouris +36 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a full high-resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk231 is presented, including 25 lines, including CO J=5-4 through J=13-12, 7 rotational lines of H2O, 3 of OH+ and one line each of H 2O+, CH+, and HF.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of interactions, bars, bulges, and AGN on star formation efficiency in local massive galaxies
Amélie Saintonge,Linda J. Tacconi,Silvia Fabello,J. Wang,Barbara Catinella,R. Genzel,Javier Graciá-Carpio,C. Kramer,Sean M. Moran,Timothy M. Heckman,David Schiminovich,K. F. Schuster,Stijn Wuyts +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the nature of variations in gas depletion time observed across the local massive galaxy population, finding that the longest gas depletion times are found in below-main sequence bulge-dominated galaxies that are either gaspoor, or on average less efficient than disk-dominated galaxy at converting into stars any cold gas they may have.