Gilles Ramstein

TL;DR: Modeling shows that the small thermal inertia of a globally frozen surface reverses the annual mean tropical atmospheric circulation, producing an equatorial desert and net snow and frost accumulation elsewhere, and that the evolutionary legacy of Snowball Earth is perceptible in fossils and living organisms.

TL;DR: The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) as mentioned in this paper has been used to estimate the global average surface air temperature and sea surface temperature of the PliÕocene epoch.

TL;DR: The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is the first coordinated climate model comparison for a warmer palaeoclimate with atmospheric CO 2 significantly higher than pre-industrial concentrations as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of simulations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-2, using a reduced solar constant of 6% and varied CO2 concentrations was conducted to simulate the climatic conditions of the Neoproterozoic.

TL;DR: The Tortonian stage of the Late Miocene epoch is identified as the pivotal period for triggering north African aridity and creating the Sahara desert, and it is demonstrated that the African summer monsoon was drastically weakened by the Tethys Sea shrinkage during the Tortonian, allowing arid, desert conditions to expand across north Africa.