Attachment--and loss.

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire

Abstract A two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model has been applied to Winter Monsoon Experiment data in order to simulate the diurnally occurring convection observed over the South China Sea. The domain includes a representation of part of Borneo as well as the sea so that the model can simulate the initiation of convection. Also included in the model are parameterizations of mesoscale ice phase and moisture processes and longwave and shortwave radiation with a diurnal cycle. This allows use of the model to test the relative importance of various heating mechanisms to the stratiform cloud deck, which typically occupies several hundred kilometers of the domain. Frank and Cohen's cumulus parameterization scheme is employed to represent vital unresolved vertical transports in the convective area. The major conclusions are: Ice phase processes are important in determining the level of maximum large-scale heating and vertical motion because there is a strong anvil componen...

Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model [presentation]

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

Aim To investigate the bioactive metabolite of endophytic fungus from Kalimeris indica. Methods and results A strain ZJLQ336 was separated from the leaves of K. indica. It was identified as Cadophora orchidicola based on the phylogenetic analysis of ITS-rDNA sequences. From the fermentation broth a metabolite cercosporamide (compound 1) was isolated, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, this compound was subjected to bioactivity assays, including antifungal activity against seven plant pathogenic fungi, as well as its potential immunoregulatory effects on HEK-BLUE™-hTLR4 cells, splenocytes and macrophages. The results showed that cercosporamide had strong growth inhibition against five common plant pathogenic fungi, including Pestalotia diospyri, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Penicillum digitatum with EC50 values of 5·29 × 10-3 , 0·61, 0·93, 2·89 and 6·7 μg ml-1 respectively. Among which S. rolfsii was one of the main pathogens in K. indica. Moreover, cercosporamide not only significantly stimulated TLR4 activation, splenocyte proliferation and production of cytokines, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but also up-regulated the production of TNF-α and NO in RAW264.7 macrophages clearly. Conclusions This is the first report of endophytic C. orchidicola from K. indica and its metabolite cercosporamide. The results of pharmacological tests highlight the potential fungicide and TLR4 agonist of cercosporamide. Significance and impact of the study This study indicates endophytic fungi are good resources for natural bioactive metabolites. It also suggests that cercosporamide is a potential fungicide and TLR4 agonist.

A metabolite of endophytic fungus Cadophora orchidicola from Kalimeris indica serves as a potential fungicide and TLR4 agonist.

Disaster assessment for the “Belt and Road” region based on SDG landmarks

Many creatures have a unique anisotropic structure and special wettability on their skins, presenting intriguing water transporting properties. Inspired by the biosphere, a two-dimensional titanium dioxide-based hydrophilic channel possessing anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers was synthesized. This channel demonstrates unidirectional water transporting properties. When water is injected into the channel, fluid tends to spread in a specific direction. An asymmetric spreading resistance is generated by the different interaction modes between the liquid and superhydrophobic barriers. The superhydrophobic barriers are designed as two main styles: line and curve. As for line barriers, the included angle between barrier and horizontal is the key parameter for the unidirectional water transporting ability whereas, for curve barriers, the radius is an important variable. The best design scheme for unidirectional water transporting properties could be found by varying the parameters of these two types of barriers in the channel. Overall, this study is expected to have a significant implication in the water transporting field.

Unidirectional water transport on a two-dimensional hydrophilic channel with anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers

Direct Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic Diether by Copper-Loaded Hierarchically Structured ZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

The invention provides a culture solution for retinal pigment epitheliums (hESC-RPE). The culture solution is characterized in that the culture solution contains, 96-97.5 volume fractions of a basic culture medium, 1 volume fraction of non-essential amino acids (NEAA), 1 volume fraction of L-glutamine, 0.5-21 volume fractions of an N2 additive, a component a and a component b. The invention further provides a preparation method of the culture solution and a method for culturing the retinal pigment epitheliums (hESC-RPE) by using the culture solution. Compared with existing culture media, the culture medium of the culture solution is simple composition, the costs are lower, no ethical problem is related, and cell proliferation can be promoted.

Lei Wang

Papers

A metabolite of endophytic fungus Cadophora orchidicola from Kalimeris indica serves as a potential fungicide and TLR4 agonist.

Disaster assessment for the “Belt and Road” region based on SDG landmarks

Unidirectional water transport on a two-dimensional hydrophilic channel with anisotropic superhydrophobic barriers

Direct Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic Diether by Copper-Loaded Hierarchically Structured ZSM-5 Catalyst in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

Culture solution for retinal pigment epitheliums and preparation method and application thereof