Attachment--and loss.

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire

Abstract A two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University mesoscale model has been applied to Winter Monsoon Experiment data in order to simulate the diurnally occurring convection observed over the South China Sea. The domain includes a representation of part of Borneo as well as the sea so that the model can simulate the initiation of convection. Also included in the model are parameterizations of mesoscale ice phase and moisture processes and longwave and shortwave radiation with a diurnal cycle. This allows use of the model to test the relative importance of various heating mechanisms to the stratiform cloud deck, which typically occupies several hundred kilometers of the domain. Frank and Cohen's cumulus parameterization scheme is employed to represent vital unresolved vertical transports in the convective area. The major conclusions are: Ice phase processes are important in determining the level of maximum large-scale heating and vertical motion because there is a strong anvil componen...

Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model [presentation]

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

A set of superconducting shim coils for the 9.4-T whole-body MRI superconducting magnet have been designed. A minimum criterion for the Z2 shim coils' decoupling from the magnet is introduced for the safety of the Z2 shim coils during the magnet quench. The traditional two-pair structure of the Z2 shim coils is introduced based on analytical method. A new five-coil structure of the Z2 shim coils for decoupling design is proposed. Optimized solutions with respect to different design parameters are obtained and analyzed. Solution is chosen for the magnet in consideration of the capacity that the magnet needs and the field error that other shim methods can deal with.

Decoupling Design of Z2 Superconducting Shim Coils for 9.4-T MRI Superconducting Magnet

Objectives Ex vivo engineered production of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) from human pluripotent stem cells is an alternative approach to solve shortage of donor-donated PLTs in clinics and to provide induced PLTs for transfusion. However, low production yields are observed and the generation of clinically applicable MKs and PLTs from human pluripotent stem cells without genetic modifications still needs to be improved. Materials and methods We defined an optimal, stepwise and completely xeno-free culture protocol for the generation of MKs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To generate MKs from hESCs on a large scale, we improved the monolayer induction manner to define three-dimensional (3D) and sphere-like differentiation systems for MKs by using a special polystyrene CellSTACK culture chamber. Results The 3D manufacturing system could efficiently generate large numbers of MKs from hESCs within 16-18 days of continuous culturing. Each CellSTACK culture chamber could collect on an average 3.4 × 108 CD41+ MKs after a three-stage orderly induction process. MKs obtained from hESCs via 3D induction showed significant secretion of IL-8, thrombospondin-1 and MMP9. The induced cells derived from hESCs in our culture system were shown to have the characteristics of MKs as well as the function to form proPLTs and release PLTs. Furthermore, we generated clinically applicable MKs from clinical-grade hESC lines and confirmed the biosafety of these cells. Conclusions We developed a simple, stepwise, 3D and completely xeno-free/feeder-free/transgene-free induction system for the generation of MKs from hESCs. hESC-derived MKs were shown to have typical MK characteristics and PLT formation ability. This study further enhances the clinical applications of MKs or PLTs derived from pluripotent stem cells.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cpr.13002

Large‐scale generation of megakaryocytes from human embryonic stem cells using transgene‐free and stepwise defined suspension culture conditions

The research of thermochemical CO2 splitting based on perovskites is a promising approach to green energy development. Performance evaluation was performed towards the doped perovskite LaCo0.7Zr0.3O3 (LCZ-73) based two-step thermochemical CO2 splitting process thermodynamically based on the experimentally derived parameters for the first time. The impacts of vacuum pump and inert gas purge to reduce oxygen partial pressure and CO2 heating on the performance parameter ηsolar-to-fuel have been analyzed. The results showed that at the PO2 of 10−5 bar, non-stoichiometric oxygen δ increased by more than 3 times as the reduction temperature varied from 1000 °C to 1300 °C, however, no significant deviation of δ was observed between 1300 °C and 1400 °C. The reaction enthalpy ranged from 60 to 130 kJ mol−1 corresponding to δ = 0.05–0.40. Comparing the abovementioned two ways to reduce the oxygen partial pressure, the ηsolar-to-fuel of 0.39% and 0.1% can be achieved with 75% and without heat recovery with the CO2 flow rate of 40 sccm under experimental conditions, respectively. The energy cost for CO2 heating during the thermodynamic process as the nCO2/nLCZ-73 increases was obtained from the perspective of energy analysis. The ratio of nCO2/nLCZ-73 at lower temperature required more demanding conditions for the aim of commercialization. Finally, the ability of perovskite to split CO2 and thermochemical performance were tested under different CO2 flow rates. The results showed that high CO2 flow rate was conducive to the production of CO, but at the cost of low ηsolar-to-fuel. The maximum solar-to-fuel efficiency of 1.36% was achieved experimentally at a CO2 flow rate of 10 sccm in the oxidation step and 75% heat recovery.

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Lei Wang

Papers

Decoupling Design of Z2 Superconducting Shim Coils for 9.4-T MRI Superconducting Magnet

Large‐scale generation of megakaryocytes from human embryonic stem cells using transgene‐free and stepwise defined suspension culture conditions

Solar thermochemical CO2 splitting with doped perovskite LaCo0.7Zr0.3O3: thermodynamic performance and solar-to-fuel efficiency

Gas-particle partitioning of carbonyls and its influencing factors in the urban atmosphere of Zhengzhou, China

An Interlayer of Multiple Microscale Hollow Channels Enhances the Durability of Surface Topographies