抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Atom transfer radical polymerization.

In the title compound, [Cu(SO4)(C2H8N2)2]n, the Cu, S and two O atoms lie on a mirror plane. The Cu atom is in a distorted octa­hedral environment and the ethyl­enediamine ligand is in a gauche conformation. The sulfate dianion is bridging, forming a one-dimensional chain. A two-dimensional net parallel to (001) is generated by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the chains.

https://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2010/06/00/vm2026/vm2026.pdf

catena-Poly[[bis-(ethyl-enediamine)copper(II)]-μ-sulfato].

Manganese-Mediated C–C Bond Formation: Alkoxycarbonylation of Organoboranes

Generating the transient electrophilic tungsten pentacarbonyl-phenylphosphinidene complex PhPW(CO)5 in the presence of 2,7-dimethylocta-2,3,5,6-tetraene leads to the formation of a 3,4-disubstituted phosphole or a complexed phospholene, depending on the reaction conditions. The formation of the phospholene results from the reaction of PhPW(CO)5 with the diallene, while the formation of the phosphole arises from reaction with 3,4-diisopropylidene-cyclobutene, which is formed in situ from the isomerization of the conjugated allene.

Martin Lutz

Papers

catena-Poly[[bis-(ethyl-enediamine)copper(II)]-μ-sulfato].

Manganese-Mediated C–C Bond Formation: Alkoxycarbonylation of Organoboranes

Phosphinidene Addition to Conjugated Allenes

Ein strukturmodell fur reine fe-hydrogenasen

The coordination behaviour of large natural bite angle diphosphine ligands towards methyl and 4-cyanophenylpalladium(II) complexes.