抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Atom transfer radical polymerization.

https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/33073/18.pdf?sequence=1

Diastereoselective formation of complexed methylenediphosphiranes

The coordination chemistry of 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐4,6‐diarylphosphinines towards ReI has been investigated and compared to the structurally analogous 2,2′‐bipyridine derivatives. The different steric properties of the chelating pyridylphosphinines with respect to substituted bipyridines lead to considerable differences in the structures of the mononuclear [(P^N)Re(CO)3X] and [(N^N)Re(CO)3X] (X = Cl, Br) complexes, both in the solid state and in solution. The phosphinine‐based coordination compounds are highly sensitive towards nucleophilic attack and react reversibly with water at the P=C double bond.

ReI Complexes of Pyridylphosphinines and 2,2′-Bipyridine Derivatives: A Comparison

A new D3h symmetric triptycene derivative has been synthesized with the aim of obtaining molecules that are able to assemble into porous structures, and can be used in the development of new ligands The synthesis involves a Diels-Alder reaction as the key step, followed by an oxidation and the formation of a maleimide ring Triptycene trimaleimide furnished single crystals which have been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction

/pdf/synthesis-and-structure-of-d3h-symmetric-triptycene-4h0mb0mvc7.pdf

Synthesis and Structure of D3h-Symmetric Triptycene Trimaleimide

The origin of biomolecular homochirality continues to be one of the most fascinating aspects of prebiotic chemistry. Various amplification strategies for chiral compounds to enhance a small chiral preference have been reported, but none of these involves phosphorylation, one of nature's essential chemical reactions. Here we present a simple and robust concept of phosphorylation-based chiral amplification of amines and amino acids in water. By exploiting the difference in solubility of a racemic phosphoramidate and its enantiopure form, we achieved enantioenrichment in solution. Starting with near racemic, phenylethylamine-based phosphoramidates, ee's of up to 95 % are reached in a single amplification step. Particularly noteworthy is the enantioenrichment of phosphorylated amino acids and their derivatives, which might point to a potential role of phosphorus en-route to prebiotic homochirality.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/anie.202014955

Chiral Amplification of Phosphoramidates of Amines and Amino Acids in Water

In this paper, we highlight the synthesis of a variety of primary phosphine-boranes (RPH2⋅BH3) from the corresponding dichlorophosphines, simply by using Li[BH4] as reductant and provider of the BH3 protecting group. The method offers facile access not only to alkyl- and arylphosphine-boranes, but also to aminophosphine-boranes (R2NPH2⋅BH3) that are convenient building blocks but without the protecting BH3 moiety thermally labile and notoriously difficult to handle. The borane-protected primary phosphines can be doubly deprotonated using n-butyllithium to provide soluble phosphanediides Li2[RP⋅BH3] of which the phenyl-derivative Li2[PhP⋅BH3] was structurally characterized in the solid state.

https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.202002367

Martin Lutz

Papers

Diastereoselective formation of complexed methylenediphosphiranes

ReI Complexes of Pyridylphosphinines and 2,2′-Bipyridine Derivatives: A Comparison

Synthesis and Structure of D3h-Symmetric Triptycene Trimaleimide

Chiral Amplification of Phosphoramidates of Amines and Amino Acids in Water

Easy Access to Phosphine-Borane Building Blocks.