Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users.

Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realizing these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions.

The PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this Explanation and Elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

/pdf/the-prisma-statement-for-reporting-systematic-reviews-and-3j53e5oe33.pdf

The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration

The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions is the official document that describes in detail the process of preparing and maintaining Cochrane systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions.

/pdf/cochrane-handbook-for-systematic-reviews-of-interventions-1xbdy6uvru.pdf

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

/pdf/the-prisma-statement-for-reporting-systematic-reviews-and-48ibbzju0k.pdf

The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a common condition which can occur either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to a wide range of conditions or drug therapies. In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), RP occurs within a spectrum of digital vascular disease, including digital ulceration and ischaemia. In this chapter, we present the background (clinical features, epidemiology, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis) and clinical assessment including an approach to investigations (in particular nailfold capillaroscopy and SSc-associated antibodies) which clinicians need to be aware of when assessing with patients with RP. The multifaceted contemporary approach to the management of RP is presented, including pharmacological strategies, with examples of drug doses and a number of treatment algorithms for digital vascular disease (including RP) which are intended to provide the clinician with a useful reference tool.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Ulcers

The role of skin ultrasound in systemic sclerosis: looking below the surface to understand disease evolution

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is an episodic phenomenon in which the skin of the extremities undergoes a classical color change of white (the physiological basis for which is ischemia), blue (cyanosis), and red (hyperemia) The condition may be associated with significant discomfort and pain (Block and Sequeira, Lancet 357:2042–2048, 2001; Wigley, N Engl J Med 347:1001–1008, 2002) RP is usually idiopathic (primary RP), but may occur due to a driving etiology (secondary RP) Primary RP does not progress to digital ulceration or critical ischemia Classification criteria for primary RP have been proposed and are widely used by clinicians (LeRoy and Medsger, Clin Exp Rheumatol 10:485–488, 1992; Maverakis et al, J Autoimmun 48–49:60–65, 2014) There is a wide range of causes of secondary RP, which may (albeit rarely) progress to critical digital ischemia with potential gangrenous progression requiring amputation The distinction between primary and secondary RP is important as both the prognosis and management may differ significantly The aim of this chapter is to describe the background, clinical evaluation, and treatment of the patient with RP who then presents with critical digital ischemia Most of our review applies especially to patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) because this is where the (limited) evidence base is the strongest

Critical Ischemia in Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Domain reporting in systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon: An OMERACT scoping review.

We demonstrate single pixel imaging using speckle patterns from a multimode fibre, generated at high speed using galvo-scanners and a diffuser. The acquisition time is 500 ms for a field of view of 50 µm.

Michael Hughes

Papers

Raynaud’s Phenomenon and Ulcers

The role of skin ultrasound in systemic sclerosis: looking below the surface to understand disease evolution

Critical Ischemia in Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Domain reporting in systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon: An OMERACT scoping review.

High Speed Single Pixel Imaging Using a Multimode Fibre