The is a comprehensive review on the needs and potential storage technologies for electrical grid that is expected to integrate significant levels of renewables. This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions.

/pdf/electrochemical-energy-storage-for-green-grid-22ttg0wpz1.pdf

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

There have been a number of review papers on layered silicate and carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites, in which the fillers have high aspect ratios. Particulate–polymer nanocomposites containing fillers with small aspect ratios are also an important class of polymer composites. However, they have been apparently overlooked. Thus, in this paper, detailed discussions on the effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on the stiffness, strength and toughness of such particulate–polymer composites are reviewed. To develop high performance particulate composites, it is necessary to have some basic understanding of the stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of these composites. A critical evaluation of published experimental results in comparison with theoretical models is given.

/pdf/effects-of-particle-size-particle-matrix-interface-adhesion-yv055zq7xi.pdf

Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites

https://zirconia.typepad.com/files/zirconia-as-a-ceramic-biomaterial---piconi---biomaterials-1999.pdf

Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial

In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...

Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications

http://fcbt.mse.gatech.edu/PDF/Bersra2007.pdf

A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD)

Spray-drying and fabrication of superionic conducting sodium rare-earth silicates

Mullite/alumina fibers (Nextel™ 720) have been rendered conductive for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) by coating with polypyrrole (Ppy) from an aqueous solution of pyrrole (Py). The polymer coating was characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and conductivity measurements. The Ppy coating thickness is ∼0.1 μm and the fiber resistance 1–2 (kΩ/cm)/fiber tow. A maximum conductivity of ∼48 S/cm was achieved from a 0.005M pyrrole solution. A Nextel 720/Al2O3 composite was synthesized using Ppy-coated fibers as the cathode in an EPD cell. The green and sintered microstructures of the resultant composites are reported.

Conductive, Polypyrrole Coating on Mullite/Alumina Fibers for Electrophoretic Deposition of Oxide Matrices

Preparation and characterization of dense sodium superionic conducting Na5YSi4O12 (NYS)

The initiation of the crack in a chevronnotched bend bar was studied. Ideal testing conditions depend strongly on specimen preparation and material; valid KIC values do not always result. An in-test precracking technique was developed for ceramics at room and elevated temperatures. A yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramic was tested, and the results showed that ideal testing conditions were obtained, which guaranteed valid KIC determination.

Valid KIC Determination via In‐Test Subcritical Precracking of Chevron‐Notched Bend Bars

Previous models for crack-particle interactions in brittle composites are modified to account for penetrable obstacles, obstacle shape and secondary crack interactions. The modified model is applied to a glass-unbonded nickel sphere composite system, the experimental aspects of which were summarized in Part 1. Increases in fracture energy are explained in terms of local crack blunting. It is shown that these results fall, as expected, between those for an entirely sharp crack front and an entirely blunt one.

http://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF00569287.pdf

Patrick S. Nicholson

Papers

Spray-drying and fabrication of superionic conducting sodium rare-earth silicates

Conductive, Polypyrrole Coating on Mullite/Alumina Fibers for Electrophoretic Deposition of Oxide Matrices

Preparation and characterization of dense sodium superionic conducting Na5YSi4O12 (NYS)

Valid KIC Determination via In‐Test Subcritical Precracking of Chevron‐Notched Bend Bars

Fracture of a brittle particulate composite Part 2 Theoreticalaspects