The is a comprehensive review on the needs and potential storage technologies for electrical grid that is expected to integrate significant levels of renewables. This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions.

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Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

There have been a number of review papers on layered silicate and carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites, in which the fillers have high aspect ratios. Particulate–polymer nanocomposites containing fillers with small aspect ratios are also an important class of polymer composites. However, they have been apparently overlooked. Thus, in this paper, detailed discussions on the effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on the stiffness, strength and toughness of such particulate–polymer composites are reviewed. To develop high performance particulate composites, it is necessary to have some basic understanding of the stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of these composites. A critical evaluation of published experimental results in comparison with theoretical models is given.

/pdf/effects-of-particle-size-particle-matrix-interface-adhesion-yv055zq7xi.pdf

Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites

https://zirconia.typepad.com/files/zirconia-as-a-ceramic-biomaterial---piconi---biomaterials-1999.pdf

Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial

In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...

Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications

http://fcbt.mse.gatech.edu/PDF/Bersra2007.pdf

A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD)

The fracture toughness of Ni/Al2O3 laminates by digital image correlation I: Experimental crack opening displacement and R-curves

The mixed alkali effect in (Na+−K+) β″-alumina

MgO is extensively used as a basic refractory material, but in the last decade it has also been considered as a suitable material for technological applications in fields such as catalysis or electronics. Such applications have imposed new requirements regarding the processing techniques. In this way, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been demonstrated to be a useful and simple deposition method among the available coating technologies. A diAerence with other coating techniques is that the material to be processed by EPD does not require defined properties and hence, there are a wide number of materials that could be coated and deposited by EPD. Major advantages of EPD are versatility, low-cost and reproducibility. The aim of this work was to obtain controlled deposits of MgO onto metallic electrodes by EPD. For this purpose the stability of MgO suspensions in ethanolic media was studied by electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) at diAerent pH conditions. The EPD kinetics was further studied at diAerent electrical conditions. The characteristics of the deposits were studied in relation to the suspension properties and the electrical conditions. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electrophoretic deposition of MgO from organic suspensions

Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O thick films (≊5–40 μm) were electrophoretically deposited on silver foil using ethyl alcohol as the suspending liquid. The deposition voltage was ≊70 V/cm and the current ≊550 μA/cm2. X‐ray diffraction of the as‐deposited sample shows texturing. This texturing was enhanced by pressing the film uniaxially at ≊82 MPa. Samples were sintered at 810 °C in a 10% oxygen‐in‐argon atmosphere. Liquid at the sintering temperature promotes textured grain growth. The critical current density (Jc) of the film determined by magnetic measurement at 5 K in a 2 kOe field is ≊1.3×104 A/cm2.

Patrick S. Nicholson

Papers

The fracture toughness of Ni/Al2O3 laminates by digital image correlation I: Experimental crack opening displacement and R-curves

The mixed alkali effect in (Na+−K+) β″-alumina

Electrophoretic deposition of MgO from organic suspensions

Fabrication of textured Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O thick film by electrophoretic deposition

The preparation and characterization of dense, highly conductive Na5GdSi4O12 nasicon (NGS)