The is a comprehensive review on the needs and potential storage technologies for electrical grid that is expected to integrate significant levels of renewables. This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions.

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Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

There have been a number of review papers on layered silicate and carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposites, in which the fillers have high aspect ratios. Particulate–polymer nanocomposites containing fillers with small aspect ratios are also an important class of polymer composites. However, they have been apparently overlooked. Thus, in this paper, detailed discussions on the effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on the stiffness, strength and toughness of such particulate–polymer composites are reviewed. To develop high performance particulate composites, it is necessary to have some basic understanding of the stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of these composites. A critical evaluation of published experimental results in comparison with theoretical models is given.

/pdf/effects-of-particle-size-particle-matrix-interface-adhesion-yv055zq7xi.pdf

Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites

https://zirconia.typepad.com/files/zirconia-as-a-ceramic-biomaterial---piconi---biomaterials-1999.pdf

Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial

In this review the phenomenon of proton conductivity in materials and the elements of proton conduction mechanismsproton transfer, structural reorganization and diffusional motion of extended moietiesare discussed with special emphasis on proton chemistry. This is characterized by a strong proton localization within the valence electron density of electronegative species (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen) and self-localization effects due to solvent interactions which allows for significant proton diffusivities only when assisted by the dynamics of the proton environment in Grotthuss and vehicle type mechanisms. In systems with high proton density, proton/proton interactions lead to proton ordering below first-order phase transition rather than to coherent proton transfers along extended hydrogen-bond chains as is frequently suggested in textbooks of physical chemistry. There is no indication for significant proton tunneling in fast proton conduction phenomena for which almost barrierless proton transfer is suggest...

Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications

http://fcbt.mse.gatech.edu/PDF/Bersra2007.pdf

A review on fundamentals and applications of electrophoretic deposition (EPD)

Phase equilibrium calculations in the systems (Na, Li)-ß′-Al2O3O2 and (Na, Li)-ß′-Al2O3O2H2O in relation to Na-ß′-Al2O3 single-crystal-film growth

Improved precursor ceramics for proton-conductive β″/β-aluminas

The influence of alkali content, stabilizer distribution and atmosphere on mixed-alkali ß″/ß-Al2O3 sinters

High Temperature Strength and Toughness of Electrophoretically Deposited Alumina/Lanthanum Aluminate Laminates

An epitaxial β-alumina crystal growth method was used to modify α-AI2O3 platelet surfaces before inclusion as a reinforcing phase in partially stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP). The as-grown surface phase was Na-β″-AI2O3. This was converted to Ca-β″-AI2O3 by ion exchange, as the latter is more temperature-stable at composite sintering temperatures. The conditions of formation, thermal stability, and chemical compatibility of these interfacial phases were examined. α-AI2O3 platelets with Ca-β″-AI2O3 film were incorporated into 3Y-TZP. The β″-AI2O3/ZrO2 interface was found to promote platelet debonding and pullout, thus enhancing the α-AI2O3 platelet/crack interactions during the fracture process.

Patrick S. Nicholson

Papers

Phase equilibrium calculations in the systems (Na, Li)-ß′-Al2O3O2 and (Na, Li)-ß′-Al2O3O2H2O in relation to Na-ß′-Al2O3 single-crystal-film growth

Improved precursor ceramics for proton-conductive β″/β-aluminas

The influence of alkali content, stabilizer distribution and atmosphere on mixed-alkali ß″/ß-Al2O3 sinters

High Temperature Strength and Toughness of Electrophoretically Deposited Alumina/Lanthanum Aluminate Laminates

Modification of αAI2O3 Platelet/ZrO2 Matrix Interface by Epitaxial Growth of β‐AI2O3 on the α‐AI2O3